D2.2 Gene Expression

Question 1

Gene expression

Answer 1

Collective term for the processes involved in reading a gene and building a protein that can be used by the organism

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

Set of characteristics that result from expression of the organism’s genetic material

Question 3

Promoter region

Answer 3

A sequence of DNA located upstream of a gene sequence

Question 4

Enhancer region

Answer 4

Sequence of DNA located further upstream of a gene and allows specific activation proteins to bind to it and encourage transcription

Question 5

Transcription factors

Answer 5

Specific proteins that bind to the promoter region and help regulate the transcription of the DNA

Question 6

Process of beginning transcription

Answer 6

1. RNA polymerase binds to promoter region
2. Activation proteins bind to enhancer regions upstream from the start of the gene
3. Other transcription factors bind to promoter region
4. DNA binding proteins bring the activator proteins into contact with the group of transcription factors on the promoter region
5. RNA polymerase is triggered to begin transcription

Question 7

Activators

Answer 7

Transcription factors that activate transcription by attracting RNA polymerase

Question 8

Suppressors

Answer 8

Transcription factors that block transcription by preventing RNA polymerase from binding to DNA

Question 9

Epigenesis

Answer 9

Process that results in the formation of specialised cells from undifferentiated cells

Question 10

Genome

Answer 10

All the genetic information in an organism

Question 11

Transcriptome

Answer 11

All of the RNA that a cell makes

Question 12

Proteome

Answer 12

All of the proteins that a cell, tissue, or organ makes

Question 13

Imprinted genes

Answer 13

Genes silenced on only one of the two copies