Computer Science > Data Representation > Flashcards

Data Representation Flashcards

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1
Q

Which set of numbers best describes {…-2, -1, 0, 1, 2…}?

A

Integers

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2
Q

What symbol is given to the set of integers?

A

ℤ

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3
Q

Which set of numbers does the symbol ℝ represent?

A

Real numbers

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4
Q

Is -6 an integer?

A

Yes. Integers can be negative.

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5
Q

What set of numbers should be used for counting?

A

Natural numbers

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6
Q

To which set of numbers does π belong?

A

Irrational

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7
Q

Which set of numbers contains all real world quantities?

A

Real numbers

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8
Q

What type of number is used to describe the numerical positions of objects in relation to others?

A

Ordinal numbers

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9
Q

Which number base is used by humans for counting?

A

Base 10 / Decimal / Denary

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10
Q

Which number base can be denoted with a subscript 16?

A

Hexadecimal

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11
Q

What is the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal digit E?

A

14

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12
Q

Which number base is useful as a shorthand representation for binary?

A

Hexadecimal

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13
Q

What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 0101?

A

5

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14
Q

What is the binary equivalent of the hexadecimal number A3?

A

10100011

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15
Q

What is the binary equivalent of the decimal number 14?

A

1110

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16
Q

Describe what is meant by a bit

A

The fundamental unit of information which can only take two values, 1 and 0.

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17
Q

How many bits are there in a byte?

A

8

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18
Q

How many nybbles are there in a byte?

A

2

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19
Q

How many different values can be represented with 4 bits?

A

16

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20
Q

How many bits are there in a mebibit?

A

2^20 (=1048576)

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21
Q

How many bits are there in a kilobyte?

A

8000 (=10^3 × 8)

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22
Q

How many gigabytes are there in a terabyte?

A

1000 (=10^12 ÷ 10^9)

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23
Q

Which type of binary can represent negative numbers: signed or unsigned?

A

Signed

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24
Q

What is the range of decimal numbers that can be represented using unsigned binary with four bits?

A

0 to 15 (= 0 to 2^4 -1)

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25
How many unique bit patterns can be made with 8 bits?
256 (= 2^8)
26
Add the unsigned binary integers 1101 and 110
10011
27
Multiply the unsigned binary integers 11001001 and 110
10010110110
28
011010110110 is a two’s complement signed binary number with an eight bit mantissa and four bit exponent. What is the number in decimal?
53.5
29
01101101 is a fixed point number with four bits before and four bits after the binary point. What is the decimal equivalent of the number?
6.8125
30
Convert the number 38.75 to floating point binary with an eight bit mantissa and a four bit exponent
100110110110
31
Convert the number -17.625 to floating point binary with a nine bit mantissa and a four bit exponent
1011111010101
32
Why might fixed point and floating point representations of decimal numbers be inaccurate?
Rounding errors can occur in values that cannot be represented exactly by binary.
33
The number 12.53 is represented in fixed point binary as 1100.1. Calculate the absolute error in the representation.
0.03
34
The number 18.48 is represented in fixed point binary as 10010.1. Calculate the relative error in the representation.
0.00108 (=0.108%)
35
Which allows for the greatest range of numbers with a given number of bits: fixed point or floating point?
Floating point
36
Why are floating point numbers normalised?
To provide the maximum level of precision for a given number of bits
37
What error occurs when a number is too large to be represented with the available bits?
Overflow
38
What is meant by a character code?
A decimal digit used to represent a character
39
For what does ASCII stand?
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
40
How many bits does ASCII use?
7
41
What is the primary disadvantage of majority voting?
The volume of data being transmitted is increased, increasing the time taken to transmit data.
42
Which uses more bits, ASCII or Unicode?
Unicode
43
01101011 is to be transmitted using odd parity. What would be the value of the parity bit?
0
44
Which can represent a greater variety of alphabets, ASCII or Unicode?
Unicode
45
Which form of error checking can also correct errors in transmission?
Majority voting
46
1011 is to be transmitted using even parity. What would be the value of the parity bit?
1
47
What happens if a checksum does not match the received data?
The recipient asks the sender to retransmit the data
48
What two things are true of a cipher that is computationally secure?
1. The cipher can be cracked 2. But not within a reasonable timeframe given current computing power
49
What device can be used to convert a signal from analogue to digital?
An analogue to digital converter (ADC)
50
What is the most common use for an ADC?
Converting digital audio signals to analogue signals
51
What name is given to the process of reading an analogue signal at regular intervals and recording values?
Sampling
52
What is the unit for sampling frequency?
Hertz (Hz)
53
State two disadvantages of MIDI
1. MIDI can't be used for storing speech 2. MIDI sometimes results in a less realistic sound than sampled recordings
54
What type of data compression is run-length encoding?
Lossless compression
55
How much storage, in bytes, is required for a 10 × 10 image with a colour depth of 8 bits?
100 Bytes
56
Which type of data is continuous?
Analogue data
57
Give two examples of typical metadata for an image
Examples include width, height, colour depth and date created
58
Which two criteria must be met by a key if it is to be used in a Vernam cipher?
1. The key must be random 2. The key must be at least as long as the plaintext
59
Which type of image can be scaled without losing quality?
Vector graphics
60
Which type of Caesar cipher is most easily cracked: shift ciphers or substitution ciphers?
Shift ciphers
61
Which rule states that the sampling rate must be at least twice the frequency of the signal?
The Nyquist Theorem
62
What does MIDI stand for?
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
63
Name two types of data compression
1. Lossy compression 2. Lossless compression
64
How does MIDI store sound?
Using a series of event messages
65
Which type of image is used for storing photographs?
Bitmapped graphics
66
With which type of data compression does the quality of a file remain the same?
Lossless compression
67
Which type of cipher encrypts information by replacing characters?
Caesar ciphers
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