Bit
One binary digit, smallest unit of data in a digital computer system, can store one value (0 or 1).
Byte
A group of 8 bits
ASCII
An international 7 or 8 bit coding scheme to represent keyboard characters
UNICODE
Is an international 16-bit coding scheme which can represent 2(to the power 16) different characters.
EBCDIC
(Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) is a binary code for alphabetic and numeric characters that IBM developed for its larger operating system.
Character set
The set of symbols that may be represented by a computer
Primitive data type
A data type provided by a programming language as a basic building block, integer, char, Boolean are examples.