Networking and internetworking

Question 1

WAN

Answer 1

• A network that is connected over a large geographical area.
• Networking equipment and cables are usually not owned by the organisation but leased from large Telecom businesses.

Question 2

LAN

Answer 2

• Networking equipment in this network is usually owned and maintained by the organisation.
• A network that is connected in one building or one site.

Question 3

Router

Answer 3

• A device in a network that holds information about IP addresses of computers in the network or other networks.
• A device that can direct data packets around a network in the most efficient way.

Question 4

Server

Answer 4

• A software process that processes and responds to the request from a client process
• A software process that initiates a request from a server

Question 5

MAC

Answer 5

• A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces such as NIC
• A 48 bit hardware address that has a flat structure comprising of a unique manufacture ID and unique serial number of the device.

Question 6

IP

Answer 6

• This address can be used by routers to make decisions on which network packets are to be sent out next.
• A 32 bit address that has a logical structure compromising of a network ID and Host ID.

Question 7

Switch

Question 8

Client

Question 9

Gateway

Question 10

What is meant by the internet?

Answer 10

A global network of linked computers and routers using unique IP addresses and TCP/ IP protocol.

Question 11

People occasionally think that the World Wide Web is the same as the internet. End the confusion y writing below the differences between the two.

Answer 11

WWW: A system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet.
Internet: Cabling

Question 12

A computer has an IP address of 140.234.1.25

a) What is an IP address and why is it used?

Answer 12

A unique address that identifies a device on a network 32 bits e.g. 192.168.168.5
Routers make decisions where packets are going to be directed to based on the IP address.

Question 13

b) Explain in more detail how an IP address is structured?

Answer 13

A 32 bit address that has a logical structure containing network ID and a host ID.

Question 14

c) Explain what is meant by a datagram. Describe how a datagram is made up and how it is used.

Answer 14

Group of bits containing source/ destination address error control bits, control bits and data payload.

• Consists of data package, data payload/ contains header/ footer
• Data payload is encapsulated with information as it goes through the TCP/ IP stack.

Question 15

d) Routers are used in computer/ networks. Explain what is meant by a router and describe the function of a router in a computer network.

Answer 15

Router: device that connects networks that use the same protocol

• directs data packets through the network based on their IP address
• They use routing tables that list all the network IP addresses of networks the router is connected to. Therefore router can make decisions; look up/ find certain IP addresses.

Question 16

Definition of protocol

Answer 16

A standard set of rules to ensure the proper transmission of data between devices.

Question 17

Explain why protocols are so important in communication systems

Answer 17

When data is split up and reassembled it must be in a way that is universally agreed. All devices are programmed with a set of rules to follow so manufactures can make compatible devices.

Question 18

TCP/ IP

Answer 18

• Application layer: Applications
• Transport layer: TCP, UDP
• Network layer: IP
• Data link layer: MAC, Ethernet, FDDI, ISDN
• Physical layer: Cable, Fibreglass
  Host sun — Data transfer— Host earth

Question 19

List of the names of different protocols

Answer 19

• HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (application)
• FTP: File Transfer Protocol (application)
• SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (application)
• IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol (application)
• DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (application)
• WAP: Wireless Application Protocol (application)

Question 20

HTTP

Answer 20

Port number: 80

Transferring multimedia web pages over the internet

Question 21

FTP

Answer 21

Port number: 21

Copying a file from one location to another over the internet

Question 22

SMTP

Answer 22

Port number: 25

Mail applications typically use SMTP only for sending email messages

Question 23

IMAP

Answer 23

Port number: 993

Transferring emails between computer systems via the internet

Question 24

DHCP

Answer 24

Port number: 67
A client / server protocol that automatically provides an Internet Protocol host with its IP address, subnet mask and default gateway.

Question 25

WAP

Answer 25

Port number: 2222 | Allows wireless devices , such as mobile phones and radio transceivers to be used for Internet access

Question 26

TCP

Answer 26

The basic communication protocol of the internet for transmitting data packets between different pieces of hardware.

Question 27

UDP

Answer 27

Real-time video and audio streaming protocols are designed to handle occasional lost packets.

Question 28

IP

Answer 28

Provides source and destination IP address.

Question 29

HTTP (name and layer)

Answer 29

Hyper text transfer protocol - application layer

Question 30

FTP (name and layer)

Answer 30

File transfer protocol - application layer

Question 31

SMTP (name and layer)

Answer 31

Simple mail transfer protocol - application layer

Question 32

IMAP (name and layer)

Answer 32

Internet message access protocol - application layer

Question 33

DHCP (name and layer)

Answer 33

Dynamic host configuration protocol - application layer

Question 34

WAP (name and layer)

Answer 34

Wireless application protocol - application layer

Question 35

TCP (name and layer)

Answer 35

Transmission control protocol - Transport layer

Question 36

UDP (name and layer)

Answer 36

User datagram protocol - Transport layer

Question 37

IP (name an layer)

Answer 37

Internet protocol - Network layer

Question 38

What are the range of port numbers for: Well known ports

Answer 38

0 - 1023

Question 39

What are the range of port numbers for: | User ports

Answer 39

Shockwave (port number 1626)

Question 40

What are the range of port numbers for: | Client ports

Answer 40

Rage 40152 - 65535

Question 41

Why are server port numbers well-known and registered? (as opposed to client port numbers)

Answer 41

When programmers make applications they need to know what ports to communicated to the network application.

Question 42

What are the contents of an IP header?

Answer 42

- Source - Destination IP (and three of the following) 1. Version: The IP version is 4 soon to be upgraded to 6 2. Total length: An IP packet is typically 64 bytes and 1500 bytes