1
Q
- A patient with vascular problem develops an infected skin ulcer on the left heel. The modality that
would NOT be applied for this patient is
a. low intensity direct current – can be used for wound healing
b. ultraviolet radiation – can be used for wound healing
c. high voltage galvanic stimulation – still a galvanic type of current that can be used for wound
healing
d. hot moist pack
A
d. hot moist pack
**heat accelerates bacterial growth
2
Q
- Which ultrasound treatment parameter is recommended for a stage 2 chronic dermal wound?
a. 1 MHz at 1.5 watt.cm2
b. 3 MHz at .2-1 watt/cm2
c. 3 MHz at 1.5 watt/cm
d. 1 MHz at .2-1 watt/cm2
A
b. 3 MHz at .2-1 watt/cm2
3
Q
- Electrical stimulation of spastic muscles has been proven to effectively reduce spasticity. The
following are parameters to apply EXCEPT
a. waveform: symmetrical or asymmetrical biphasic pulses with 200-500 microseconds
duration
b. stimulus: amplitude adjusted to maximum tolerable contraction
c. duty cycle: 1:2
d. pulse rate: greater than 60 pps biphasic pulses to produce tetanic muscle contraction
A
c. duty cycle: 1:2 (*1:1)
4
Q
- Ohm’s Law describes the relationship among
a. voltage, resistance and amperage
b. amperage, conductance and resistance
c. conductance, voltage and resistance
d. voltage, conductance and amperage
A
a. voltage, resistance and amperage
** V = AR/IR
5
Q
- A PT will apply electrical stimulation to a patient with venous stasis ulcer on the right lower extremity.
The correct type of electrical stimulation to promote wound healing is
a. direct
b. biphasic pulsed
c. interferential
d. TENS - In electrotherap
A
a. direct
6
Q
- In electrotherapy, the frequencies generated by high voltage units are usually no greater than 100 to
140 Hz while that produced by low voltage units are ________ Hz.
a. 500 - 1,000
b. 2,000 - 3,000
c. 3,000 - 4,000
d. 1,000 - 2,000
A
d. 1,000 - 2,000
7
Q
- Patient is a 16 year old female student with idiopathic scoliosis. PT plans to apply bipolar or
quadripolar electrodes over the overstretched and weakened muscles. He can select the following
parameters EXCEPT
a. duration: gradually increased until patient tolerates 8 hours of stimulation
b. pulse rate: 50 pes
c. waveform: rectangular monophasic waveform with 220 microseconds output
d. stimulus amplitude: 50 to 70 mmA
A
b. pulse rate: 50 pes (*25pps)
8
Q
- In electrotherapy, if the peak pulse duration in high voltage generators ranges from 50-100 usec, for low
voltage generators it is msec. (Possible Ref: Michlovitz 6th Ed Chapter 9 pp. 278-9)
a. 600-800
b. 01-02
c. 900-950
d. .03-500
A
d. .03-500
9
Q
- Pt applies ultraviolet treatment to a female patient who the day after complained of peeling and itching.
These disappear after 3 days. The dosage received was dose. (Ref: Dunaway Set A Question 25)
a. Minimal erythemal
b. First degree erythemal
c. Suberythemal
d. Third degree erythema
A
b. First degree erythemal
**
a. slight itching only
b. (+) desquamation & skin itching
c. does not cause reddening
10
Q
- The major advantage of using red-glass in heat lamp is _____________.
a. there is less light glare
b. it filters out long infra-red rays
c. it increases the physiological effects of radiation
d. it filters out harmful ultraviolet rays
A
a. there is less light glare
11
Q
- A PT applies 3.0 MHz ultrasound at 1.5 w/cm2 to treat a patient with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Majority of
the ultrasound energy will be absorbed within a depth of ______ centimeters.
a. 4 – 5
b. 1 – 2
c. 5 – 6
d. 2 – 3
A
b. 1 – 2
12
Q
- According to the temperature law of Vant Hoff, for every rise of 10 degrees C the rate of oxidation is
increased how many times?
a. Once
b. 2.5
c. 3
d. Twice
A
b. 2.5
13
Q
- These statements on reflex heating are TRUE, EXCEPT:
a. It is also termed consensual heating and Landis Gibbon’s Reflex
b. The effect is felt after several hours
c. It is useful for patients with circulatory problems such as diabetes or peripheral vascular
disease
d. The technique involves the application of heat to one area of the body that results in an
increase in cutaneous circulation and other reactions in another area
A
b. The effect is felt after several hours (*ALMOST IMMEDIATELY)
14
Q
- A PT checks the water temperature of the hot pack machine after several patients report the heat being
very strong. Which of the following temperatures would be acceptable?
a. 83 degrees Celsius (181 degrees F)
b. 64 degrees Celsius (147 degrees F)
c. 94 degrees Celsius (201 degrees F)
d. 71 degrees Celsius (160 degrees F)
A
d. 71 degrees Celsius (160 degrees F)
15
Q
- Erb’s Law states that ____________.
a. All of these
b. opening currents are more effective than closing currents in causing normal depolarization
c. Cathode currents are more effective than anodal in causing normal depolarization
d. Less current is necessary to produce minimum contraction with cathode than anodal closing current
A
c. Cathode currents are more effective than anodal in causing normal depolarization
16
Q
- In the reeducation and facilitation of muscles, electrical stimulation is used as a guide to improve
proprioceptive and visual sense of the motions and activities being facilitated. When bipolar electrodes are
placed over the large muscles or muscle groups, you select the following parameters, EXCEPT:
a. waveform: symmetrical or asymmetrical biphasic pulses with a duration of 200-500 microseconds
b. stimulus amplitude: amplitude adjusted to maximum tolerable contraction
c. duty cycle: 1:1 cycle to produce rhythmical muscle contractions
d. pulse rate: lesser than 60 pps biphasic pulses to produce tetanic muscle contractions
A
d. pulse rate: lesser (*GREATER) than 60 pps biphasic pulses to produce tetanic muscle contractions
17
Q
- A 65-year-old with breast cancer underwent a surgical removal of the mass followed by 12 weeks of
chemotherapy and 8 weeks of radiation. PT program is directed towards mobilization of her upper extremity.
An important guideline to the PT when treating a patient after radiation is _____.
a. avoid stretching exercises that pull on the radiated site
b. observe infection control procedures
c. avoid all aerobic exercises for at least 2 months
d. observe skin care precautions
A
d. observe skin care precautions
18
Q
- Pulsed ultrasound is applied to a patient diagnosed with rotator cuff tendonitis. The statement about
pulsed ultrasound that is MOST consistent when compared with continuous ultrasound is:
a. The peak intensity of output for pulsed ultrasound is reduced
b. The average intensity of output over time for pulsed ultrasound is reduced
c. The peak intensity of output for pulsed ultrasound is increased
d. The average intensity of output over time for pulsed ultrasound is increased
A
b. The average intensity of output over time for pulsed ultrasound is reduced
19
Q
- Froment’s sign is a test used to determine function of the
a. ulnar
b. axillary
c. median
d. radial
A
a. ulnar
20
Q
- Laser radiation is commonly used for .
a. Relief of neurogenic pain
b. Accelerate wound healing
c. Prevention of nerve degeneration
d. Relief of arthritic pain
A
b. Accelerate wound healing
21
Q
- he complication that may result from excess ultraviolet radiation is .
a. Telangiectasis
b.Herpes simplex
c.all of these
d. Impetigo
A
c.all of these
22
Q
- The current leakage from an electrode intended for direct patient connection should NOT be more than
microamperes.
a. 40
B.30
c.50
d. 60
A
c.50
23
Q
- PT records the parameters of an electrical stimulation treatment in a patient’s medical record. The
standard unit of measure when recording alternating current frequency is
a. volt
b. Coulomb
C.pulse per second
d.hertz
A
d.hertz
24
Q
- The following are approaches of electrical stimulation to control spasticity EXCEPT
a. alternately stimulating agonist and antagonist muscle
b. stimulation of the spastic muscles themselves
c. none of these
d. stimulation of antagonist to utilize the effect of reciprocal inhalation
A
c. none of these
25
25. This test, also known as Ritchie or Trillart, is the BEST indicator of injury to the anterior cruciate
ligament especially the posterolateral band.
a. Gravity drawer
b. Lachman's
c. Slocum
d. Godfrey
b. Lachman's
26
26. This is a special test that conforms lateral epicondylitis. Patient reports pain as the therapist resist the
attempt to make a fist, pronate the forearm, radially deviate and extend the wrist.
a. Golfer’s elbow
b. Ludwig’s
c. Wilson’s
d. Cozen’s
d. Cozen’s
27
27. This is a test for a rotator cuff pathology or shoulder impingement where patient is positioned in sitting
or standing. Then therapist flexes the patient’s shoulder to 90 degrees and medially rotates the arm. A positive test is indicated by pain and may be indicative of shoulder impingement involving the supraspinatus
tendon.
a. Hawkin’s kennedy
b. Supraspinatus
c. Drop arm
d. Neer
a. Hawkin’s kennedy
28
28. The duration of the faradic impulse is approximately
a. Variable
B.0.01 of a second
C.0.001 of a second
d. 1 mega second
C.0.001 of a second
29
29. In electrical stimulation this current mode is described as a time period with a gradual rise of the current
intensity which is maintained at a selected level for a given period of time followed by a gradual or abrupt
decline in intensity.
A.continuos
B. ramped
c. Surged
d. Interrupted
B. ramped
30
30. The PT of an elderly patient with a stage III decubitus ulcer on the plantar surface of the right foot is
applying electrical stimulation after trying conservative treatment without much success. The BEST
choice for electric current in this condition is
a. low voltage biphasic pulsed
b. high voltage monophasic pulsed
c. medium frequency interferential
d. medium frequency burst
b. high voltage monophasic pulsed
31
31. All of the following apply to reaction of degeneration, EXCEPT:
a. Stages of reaction of degeneration denote the etiology of the lesion
b. It indicates an organic lesion
c. Lesion is in the lower motor neuron
d. Stages of reaction of degeneration denotes the severity of the lesion
a. Stages of reaction of degeneration denote the etiology of the lesion
32
32. To maximize reduction of lymphedema following mastectomy in the upper extremity by means of
massage, it is MOST important that the ___________.
a. massage strokes occur in centrifugal direction
b. local heat be applied before massage
c. hand be massaged before the forearm
d. upper arm be massaged before the forearm
d. upper arm be massaged before the forearm
33
33. A PT gives pre-operative instruction to a patient who is to undergo hip arthroplasty surgery. Part of the
session includes discussion on the importance of preventing deep vein thrombosis following surgery.
Which is the BEST indicator that the patient is at minimal risk of acquiring a deep vein thrombosis?
a. ability to ambulate on frequent schedule
b. ability to utilize pneumatic compression devices and elastic stockings
c. ability to achieve full hip range of motion written the allowable limits
d. ability to perform ankle pumps and muscle setting exercise
a. ability to ambulate on frequent schedule
34
34. A 67-year-old female is referred to PT because of severe claudication occurring after walking more than
200 feet, muscle fatigue and cramped of both calf muscles. A closer look yielded a pale and shiny skin
with some trophic nail changes. The BEST strategy is
a. begin with interval walking exercising just to the point of pain
b. avoid exercise stress until patient is on medication for at least 1 week
c. non-weight bearing exercises like cycle ergometer
d. walking program of moderate intensity
a. begin with interval walking exercising just to the point of pain
35
34. A 67-year-old female is referred to PT because of severe claudication occurring after walking more than
200 feet, muscle fatigue and cramped of both calf muscles. A closer look yielded a pale and shiny skin
with some trophic nail changes. The BEST strategy is
a. begin with interval walking exercising just to the point of pain
b. avoid exercise stress until patient is on medication for at least 1 week
c. non-weight bearing exercises like cycle ergometer
d. walking program of moderate intensity
a. begin with interval walking exercising just to the point of pain
36
35. A PT working in an acute hospital evaluates a patient recovering from surgery. Apart from diabetes,
patient has no other significant past medical history. Which of the following would most merit
IMMEDIATE medical attention?
a. lack of significant clinical findings following the examination
b. discovery of significant past medical history unknown to the physician
c. signs of confusion and lethargy
d. systolic blood pressure increase of 20 mm Hg during exercise
c. signs of confusion and lethargy
37
36. A patient with left piriformis syndrome is referred to PT. Two years ago patient underwent a left total hip
arthroplasty. Because of this, the modality which will require extra precaution when applied to the
patient is:
a. Continuous ultrasound
b. TENS
c. Hot pack
d. Massage to the left hip
a. Continuous ultrasound
38
37. A PT applies ultraviolet treatment to a female patient who the day after complained of peeling and
itching. These disappear after 3 days. The dosage received was .
a. Third degree erythemal dose
b. First degree erythemal dose
c. Minimal erythemal dose
d. Suberythemal dose
b. First degree erythemal dose
39
38. A patient with a long-standing rheumatoid arthritis of the MP and IP joints is referred to PT. Upon
evaluation, therapist observed that patient can flex IP when MCP is in neutral position but cannot flex IP
when MCP is hyperextended. The MOST LIKELY cause of this is
a. lateral band slippage on volar aspect
b. MCP joint subluxation
c. finger muscle tenosynovitis
d. intrinsic muscle tightness
d. intrinsic muscle tightness
40
39. This is a test for posterior shoulder instability. The patient lies supine with the shoulder abducted
to 100 degrees and laterally rotated 90 degrees and with the elbow flexed to 90 degrees so that the
arm is horizontal. The examiner stabilizes the scapula with one hand palpating the posterior humeral
head with the fingers and stabilizes the upper limb by holding the forearm and elbow at the elbow.
The examiner then brings the arm into forward flexion. The test is known as
a. push - pull
b. load and shift
c. Norwood stress
d. posterior apprehension or stress
c. Norwood stress
41
40. The following are tests to assess manual dexterity and coordination, EXCEPT:
a. Jebson-Taylor Hand Function
b. Minnesota Rate of Manipulation
c. Grind
d. Purdue Pegboard
c. Grind
