1
Q
- A newborn is 5 weeks premature and evaluated at birth using the APGAR test. The APGAR score that may result in a possible neurological complication is
a. 3 at 10 minutes
b. 9 at 1 minute
c. 8 at 5 minutes
d. 8 at 1 minute
A
a. 3 at 10 minutes
2
Q
- A 16-year-old female dancer complains of subpatellar pain after 2 weeks of vigorous rehearsal for a hip-hop competition. PT’s evaluation shows a large Q angle, pain on palpation at the inferior pole of the patella and mild swelling at both knees. The BEST strategy for this condition is
a. Vastus medialis (VM) muscle strengthening
b. taping to increase lateral patellar tracking
c. hamstring strengthening
d. vastus lateralis strengthening
A
a. Vastus medialis (VM) muscle strengthening
3
Q
- These statements on the comparison of plantar fasciitis and tarsal tunnel syndrome are TRUE EXCEPT
a. Pain is worse in walking, running and in the morning (sometimes improves with activity) in plantar fasciitis but worst with standing, walking and at night for tarsal tunnel syndrome
b. Pain in plantar fasciitis is usually on the plantar aspect of the foot, at the anterior calcaneus while in tarsal tunnel syndrome it is in the medial heel and medial longitudinal arch
c. When resisted isometric movements are done, both exhibit normal strength
d. Plantar fasciitis is due to overuse while tarsal tunnel syndrome is usually brought about by trauma, a space occupying lesion or inflammation
A
c. When resisted isometric movements are done, both exhibit normal strength
4
Q
- The following are symptoms of a rotator cuff tear EXCEPT
a. reduction of ROM
b. drop arm test is positive
c. poor scapula thoracic and glenohumeral rhythm
d. significant reduction of AROM into abduction
A
a. reduction of ROM (didn’t specify)
in RCT, PROM: Normal; AROM: (+) LOM
5
Q
- A 64-year-old patient will undergo total hip replacement in a week. Which of these is NOT included among pre-operative instructions?
a. gait training with an appropriate device that will be used post operatively
b. deep breathing and coughing exercise
c. basic precautions for early bed mobility
d. proper use of an abduction pillow for 1-2 weeks post operatively
A
d. proper use of an abduction pillow for 1-2 weeks post operatively
6
Q
- A patient 4 months post total knee replacement is referred for ROM and strengthening exercises. Which strategy would NOT be appropriate for the patient?
a. active strengthening using the contract-relax technique
b. exercise on a stationary bicycle against mild resistance
c. joint mobility to increase joint play
d. performing straight leg raising, short arc extension and knee flexion exercise using light weights
A
c. joint mobility to increase joint play
7
Q
- A football player suffered a grade II inversion ankle sprain 2 weeks ago. The Best intervention in the early subacute phase of rehabilitation would most likely include
a. functional football related drills
b. mobilization at the talocrural and subtalar joints
c. plyometric based exercise
d. closed chain strengthening and proprioceptive exercises
A
d. closed chain strengthening and proprioceptive exercises
8
Q
- While talking to a patient about a previous exercise program, the patient mentioned that his PT from another clinic said that he performed negative work. Negative work or a negative muscular contraction is BEST defined as
a. the muscle develops tension and increases in length
b. purposeful voluntary motion
c. the muscle develops tension and decreases in length
d. muscle length remains constant as tension is developed
A
d. muscle length remains constant as tension is developed
POSITIVE work = ms. shortening (CONCENTRIC)
NEGATIVE work = ms. lengthening (ECCENTRIC)
9
Q
- A PT is conducting a pre-operative training for a patient scheduled for repair of a large rotator cuff tear. Patient is a 56-year-old bank executive and he wants to know how long before he can resume his former recreational activities such as golf and badminton. The MOST appropriate time frame is ____ weeks.
a. 24 – 28
b. 6 – 8
c. 12—14
d. 36 – 40
A
a. 24 – 28 (recreational activities)
b. for strengthening
c. task specific
10
Q
- The correct sequence for a positive Landau reflex response is
a. First the back extends, then the neck flexes with leg in extension
b. First the head, then the back and legs extend
c. Simultaneous neck and back in flexion with legs in extension
d. First the legs will extend, then neck extension with back flexion
A
b. First the head, then the back and legs extend
11
Q
- A PT is completing a development assessment of a 7-month-old infant with normal development. The reflex that would NOT be integrated is .
a. Asymmetrical tonic
b. Moro
c.Landau
d. Symmetrical tonic neck
A
c.Landau (integration: 1-2 yrs)
a. ATNR: 4-6 mos
b. Moro: 5-6 mos
d. STNR: 8-12 mos
12
Q
- Which of these is NOT TRUE about the pre-operation stage of cognitive development?
a. Children develop tools for representative scheme symbolically through language imitation, imaginary
play and drawing
b. Preceded by the sensorimotor stage
c. Ends at 5 years
d. Starts when child begins to learn language
A
c. Ends at 5 years
S: B-20, Innovative Reflex
P: 2-7 y.o, Symbolic (Language Deficit)
C: 7-10 y.o, Logical Thinking
F: 11 y.o, Abstract Thinking
13
Q
- The condition that may result from persistent wearing of high heels is .
a. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
b. Bilateral bunion
C. Metatarsalgia
d. Pes planus
A
C. Metatarsalgia
flat shoes= Plantar fasciitis
14
Q
- A child with cerebral palsy has difficulty releasing food from the hand to the mouth. To assist the hand opening when the food is in the mouth, the caregiver should
a. passively extend the fingers
b. slowly stroke the finger flexors in a distal to proximal directions
c. slowly stroke the finger extensors in a proximal to distal direction
d. apply a quick stretch to the finger flexors
A
c. slowly stroke the finger extensors in a proximal to distal direction
15
Q
- A female PT is treating a 1-year-old child with Down Syndrome at home. She notices decreasing strength in the extremities with neck pain and limited neck motion. Deep tendon reflexes are 1+. PT suspects
a. Atlanto-axial subluxation with lemniscal impingement
b. Lower motor neuron signs consistent with Down Syndrome
c. Upper motor neuron signs consistent with Down Syndrome
d. Atlanto-axial subluxation with spinal cord impingement
A
d. Atlanto-axial subluxation with spinal cord impingement
16
Q
- A 50-year-old golfer complains of pain on getting up that eases with ambulation. There’s also pain when running and upon palpation of the distal end of calcaneus. Evaluation also reveals pes planus. PT suspects plantar fasciitis. Initial strategy would include:
a. Use of night resting splint
b. Strengthening of ankle dorsiflexors
c. Modalities to reduce pain
d. Use of customized orthosis
A
a. Use of night resting splint (maintains the ankle and toes extended => to avoid morning pain)
17
Q
- An infant is independent in sitting, including all protective extension reactions and can pull-to-stand through kneeling, cruise sideways and stand alone. The infant still exhibits plantar grasp in standing. These infant’s chronological age is close to _______ months.
a. 5
b. 8-9
c. 10-15
d. 6
A
b. 8-9
18
Q
- Which of the following is MOST important goal in treating pediatric patients with postural reaction deficits?
a. automatic response
b. age-appropriate responses
c. lower extremity control before upper extremity control
d. conscious responses
A
a. automatic response
19
Q
- Prematurity is associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality. It is defined as the birth before the:
a. 32nd week of gestation
b. 35th week of gestation
c. 37th week from the first day of the last menstruation
d. 30th week of intrauterine development
A
c. 37th week from the first day of the last menstruation
prematurity: <37 wks of Gestational Age
20
Q
- An infant is independent in sitting, all protective extension reactions and can pull-to-stand through kneeling, cruise sideways and stand alone. The infant still demonstrates plantar grasp in standing. The infant’s chronological age is ____ months.
a. 5
b. 8-9
c. 10-15
d. 6
A
b. 8-9
21
Q
- An infant who was thirty-three weeks gestation age birth and is now 3 weeks of chronological age would BEST respond to.
a. Neutral warmth
b. Fast vestibular
c. Visual stimulation with a colored object
d. Vibration
A
a. Neutral warmth
22
Q
- If a child exhibits emerging hand dominance, has crude release, can seat self in chair and walk backwards, he is ________ old.
a. 2 years
b. 10 months
c. 14 months
d. 18 months
A
d. 18 months
23
Q
- Which test is done when a PT suspects an unreduced anterior shoulder dislocation? The patient is asked to place the hand on the opposite shoulder and then attempts to lower the elbow to the chest.
a. Sulcus sign
b. Feagin test
c. Protzman
d. Dugas
A
d. Dugas
24
Q
- A test to determine if there are loose bodies in the knee joint is called _________.
a. McMurray’s test
b. patello-femoral test
c. valgus / varus stress test
d. Apley’s tests
A
a. McMurray’s test
McMurray
Lat Meniscus: IR Tibia + EXT
Med. Meniscus: ER Tibia + EXT
25
25. A positive Kleiger's test indicates __________.
a. deltoid ligament tear
b. Achilles tendon rupture
c. flatfoot
d. tibiotalar dislocation
**a. deltoid ligament tear**
26
26. What is the test for anterior meniscus pathology and also termed the "tenderness displacement test"?
a. Apley's
b. Steinmann's
c. McMurray's
d. Lachman's
**b. Steinmann's**
27
27. PT was referred a patient with vague hip pain that radiates to the lateral knee. The findings include: negative FABERE test, negative grind test and a positive Noble's compression test. These test results MOST LIKELY point to
a. DJD of the hip
b. irritation of the L5 spinal nerve root
c. an iliotibial band friction disorder
d. SI joint dysfunction
**c. an iliotibial band friction disorder**
28
28. A 60-year-old male complains of pain in the left hip region. The symptoms appear to be consistent with hip osteoarthritis. The test to perform to assist in making this diagnosis would be
a. Thomas
b. Posterior impingement
c. Craig's
d. Scouring
**d. Scouring** *(Hip Quadrant Test)*
29
29. A 60-year-old golfer was referred to PT for a sacroiliac joint pain. In your evaluation, you plan to include a Gillet's test. Which of these methods describe how test is carried out?
a. Patient in supine with correct trunk alignment, pelvis and lower limbs. You stand at edge of table by patient's feet palpating medial malleolus to assess asymmetry. Have patient come to long sitting position and assess the leg length.
b. Place thumb of your hand under PSIS of limb to be tested and place your other thumb on center sacrum at same level as thumb under PSIS. Ask patient to extend hip of limb being tested.
c. Patient is sidelying at edge of bed while holding bottom leg in maximal hip and knee flexion (knee to chest). Standing behind patient passively extend hip of uppermost limb.
d. Patient is standing. Place thumb of your hand under PSIS of limb to be tested and place your other thumb on center of sacrum at same level as thumb under PSIS. Ask patient to flex hip and knee of limb tested like bringing knee to chest
**d. Patient is standing. Place thumb of your hand under PSIS of limb to be tested and place your other thumb on center of sacrum at same level as thumb under PSIS. Ask patient to flex hip and knee of limb tested like bringing knee to chest**
*GILLETS TEST aka. Sacral Fixation Test*
*(+) PSIS moves up*
*normal: PSIS moves down*
30
30. Among the activities below, the BEST way to facilitate walking without support in a 2-year-old patient with Down Syndrome is
a. strengthening exercises for quadriceps using weights
b. use of walker with rollers to increase distance
c. use of reflex inhibiting patterns in lower extremities
d. weight shifting in standing while dancing to music
**d. weight shifting in standing while dancing to music** *(age appropriate)*
31
31. Vibration is often used to facilitate muscle tone in children with Down Syndrome. The muscle group MOST in need of facilitation are
a. neck and back flexors and extensors, elbow extensors and knee flexors and extensors
b. back extensors, elbow flexors and extensors, hip adductors and knee extensors
c. neck flexors and extensors, trunk flexors, hip adductors and knee extensors
d. neck and back extensors, elbow extensors hip abductors and knee extensors
**d. neck and back extensors, elbow extensors hip abductors and knee extensors** *(ANTIGRAVITY/POSTURAL ms.)*
32
32. A 36-year-old fast food delivery crew got involved in a motorcycle accident. He sustained an injury to the posterior cord of the brachialmplexus. Which muscle would NOT be affected by the injury?
a. latissimus dorsi
b. infraspinatus
c. teres major
d. subscapularis
**b. infraspinatus** *(suprascapular n.; upper trunk)*
*post cord*
*R - radial (extensors)*
*A - axillary (delts)*
*T- TDN (lats. dorsi)*
*S - subscapular (upper and lower) ( subscapularis)*
33
33. During 180 degrees of abduction in the scapulohumeral rhythm, there is roughly a ratio of movement of the humerus to the scapula.
a. 2:1
b. 1:1
c. 1:3
d. 1:2
**a. 2:1**
34
34. A study of the local population was necessary to determine the need for a geriatric center in the area. The
Pts performing the study divided the population by sex and selected a random sample from each group.
This is an example of what type of sampling?
a. random cluster
b. stratified random
c. systematic random
d. 2 step cluster
b. stratified random
35
35. Which is NOT a test for rotatory instability of the knee?
a. Ballottement
b. jerk test of Hughston
c. active pivot shift
d. Dial
a. Ballottement
36
36. A PT is evaluating a patient diagnosed with an acute posterior cruciate sprain. The mechanism of injury
for the posterior cruciate is ______________.
a. a forceful larding on the anterior tibia with the knee hyperflexed
b. hyperextension medial rotation of the leg with lateral rotation of the body
c. a valgus force applied to the knee when the foot is fixed
d. an anteriorly directed force applied to the tibia when the foot is fixed
a. a forceful larding on the anterior tibia with the knee hyperflexed
37
A positive crossover sign is indicative of ___________.
a. possible disc lesion causing traction on the ipsilateral nerve roots
b. tightness of iliotibial band
c. malingering patient
d. possible disc lesion causing traction on the contralateral nerve roots
d. possible disc lesion causing traction on the contralateral nerve roots
38
38. Crutches for an elderly hip fracture patient might differ from those for the young paraplegic patient of the
same height in that
a. they would have suction tips for greater safety
b. there would be no more padding at the axillary piece
c. they would be shorter
d. the hand piece would be lower
a. they would have suction tips for greater safety
39
39. A plumb line is a tool that consists of a weight suspended at the end of a string to determine vertical. Ideal
positioning of selected body parts in relation to the plumb line is described below, EXCEPT:
a. Slightly anterior to the axis of the knee joint
b. Slightly anterior to the hip joint
c. Slightly anterior to the lateral malleolus
d. Through the calcaneocuboid joint
b. Slightly anterior (***POSTERIOR) to the hip joint
***
"PH AKLA"
POSTERIOR. - Hip
ANTERIOR - Knee
Lat. Mall - ANTERIOR
LINE OF GRAVITY
T - Odontoid process
A - AO
T - Cervical
A - Thoracic
T - Lumbar
P - Hip
A - Knee
A - Ankle
40
40. A 76-year-old male patient demonstrates significant proprioceptive losses in both lower extremities,
distal greater than proximal useful compensatory strategies in is ambulation training would
include .
a. Shorten ambulation and focus on wheelchair mobility
b. Constant verbal cueing about his foot position
c. Practice walking on a smooth surface floor
d. Letting patient watch position of his feet while practicing standing and stepping
d. Letting patient watch position of his feet (VISUAL) while practicing standing and stepping (SOMATOSENSORY; fastest processing time)
