— is the worlds most serious infection
malaria
– means first animals
Protozoa
are protozoa uni cellular or multicellular:
they are motile because they have locomotor organs:
they reproduce:
- unicellular
- flagella, cillia , pseudopodia
- asexually and sexually but mostly asexually
Protozoa reproduction and the divison by process of — and are :
- process of fission
1- longitudinal binary fission: two equal sized daughter cells by mitosis
2-budding: unequal daughter cells produced by mitosis
3- schizogeny: multiple fission numerous cells by mitosis
encystment is common in – and is used to combat adverse conditions and life cycle
Protozoa
protozoa are heterotrophic nutrition meaning:
they can be saprozoic( feed off dead animals )
or they can be holozoic ( feed off alive animals )
are protozoa free living?
yes
there are more than — species in the genus of plasmodium and they have — host life cycle which is – and —
humans are only affected by —
- 50
- two hosts
- mosquitos and vertebrates
- five
bengin tertian is
plasmodium vivix
plasmodium ovale is
ovale benign tertian
benign quartan
plasmodium malaria
malignant tertian is
plasmodium falciparum
tertian fevers are every — on day - and -
quatrain every — on day - and -
bengin is — while malignant is —
- 48 day 1 and 3
- 72 day 1 and 4
- non fatal
- fatal
the fifth species is known as – which infects — and has lead humans w/ malaria but the exact mode of action is unknown
- plasmodium Knowlesi
- primates
plasmodia life cycle begins by:
1- An infected —- bites and injects — from her salivary glands
2- sportozites are taken in circulation to the – in 30 minutes motile sporozoites penetrates the liver cells
3- in the liver the —– multiplication aka — lasts —-
4- schizonts will —
5- this process is called —- and — will be releases which may reinfect the liver cells in ——
- female anapholine mosquito
- sporozoites
- liver
- asexual , schizongy
- rapture
- exoerthyrotic cycle aka the liver stage
- merotozites
- secondary exoerythotic cycle
6- then they will invade the — aka the —
7- asexual reproduction continues and its also known as —
8- the – will be released and reinfect the —
9- the incubation period before the clinical signs of malaria involves — and —-
9- erythrocytes will — after — or —
10- malaria fever is caused by —- released by —-
- red blood cells , erthycotes
- erthocytic schiozongy
- merotozites
- rbc
- 2 exoerthytic and 1 or 2 erthocytuc cycles
- burst , 48 or 72 hours
- toxins released by rapture of the abc
11- after some time merotizte produces —- which develop no further in rbc
12- an —– takes infected blood
- in the mosquitos — the – gametocytes becomes ———-
- gametocytes
- uninfected anpholine
- stomach
- mature and produces male ad female gametes
- females are called — and males are called —-
- after fertilisation the —- penetrates the —-
- where it will from — and it undergoes — and — divison aka : —
- the — will rapture releasing —- which migrates to the mosquitos salivary glands
- macrogametes , microgametes division
- the motile zygote ( ookinete )
- the stomach wall
- oocyte
- mitotic and meiotic divison aka sporogony
- oocyte
- sledder sporozoites
