Defining key terms

Question 1

Nature

Answer 1

Anything that organizes and maintains itself, whether or not in connection with human activity but not according to human objectives

Question 2

Landscape (3)

Answer 2

1. The whole of geological, biological/ecological and cultural-historical elements that constitute a higher order entity in a given area and are visible in a single observation
2. An area as observed by humans, of which the characteristics are determined by natural and/or anthropogenic factors and the interactions between them
3. A complex of relationship systems together constituting a recognizable part of the (terrestrial) earth surface, made and maintained by interactions of living and non-living nature, including humans

Question 3

Nature conservation

Answer 3

a philosophy of managing the environment in a manner that does not despoil, exhaust or extinguish

Nature conservation requires “nature management”

Question 4

Nature management can be classified and viewed at in 2 different ways.
What are the first 2 possibilties and what are the 4 other possibilities when classified differently

Answer 4

Internal vs External management
Internal: take measurements in nature or in a nature conservation area.
External: outside nature or outside the nature reserve in order to keep conditions suitable for nature. An example is to prevent to disposal of plastics or other pollutant, by regulating the production.

Regular management: Reoccurring measures, like mowing grasslands
Development management: Creating nature from scratch
Restoration management: Restoring damaged ecosystems
Rewilding: Give more space to truly natural processes

Question 5

On what 2 things can nature management be based?

Answer 5

Species-based management: Measure that directly benefit species or a group of species
Ecosystem-based management: Aims at bringing or keeping conditions at such a level that species living in the ecosystems ultimately benefit from measures taken.

Question 6

What 2 kind of measures can be taken in order to manage nature?

Answer 6

1. Mitigation measures: Consequences restricted as much as possible, bv ecological pathway over a highway
   Is about mitigating the consequences of fragmentation.

Compensating measures: If lost nature values are replaced by similar or totally different natural values

(Both terms are applied if nature is or will be damaged and the consequences for nature must be constricted as much as possible)