Definitions and Conceptual Framework

Question 1

What is hunger?

Answer 1

• Feeling of discomfort - Weakness caused by a lack of food, coupled with the desire to eat - Strong desire or craving of food

Question 2

Differentiate hunger from gastritis.

Answer 2

• Hunger: can be satiated by food - Gastritis: inflammation of stomach

Question 3

Define hidden hunger.

Answer 3

• A situation in which it is difficult to tell if a person is hungry - A lack of vitamins and minerals, which do not necessarily show obvious symptoms

Question 4

Who came up with a consensual definition concerning food security? When?

Answer 4

• Rome Declaration on World Food Security - 1996

Question 5

Who does food security affect?

Answer 5

• All people (sexe, ethnicity) - All times - Human right

Question 6

Define food security.

Answer 6

“Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient,
safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and
healthy life

Question 7

Does food security encompass food safety, or the opposite?

Answer 7

Food security encompasses food safety

Question 8

Define food safety.

Answer 8

Food is safe to consume, and is not contaminated, toxic, etc.

Question 9

Give an example of food insecurity in Central America and Mexico.

Answer 9

• Corn is the most important food - In certain areas, there are inadequate storing facilities - Corn is subjected to humidity and high temperatures, which causes mold to grow - Corn accumulates toxins (Aflatoxins) - Extremely poisonous and increases the risk of liver cancer

Question 10

What used to be the core component of food security? What are we moving towards?

Answer 10

• Before: sufficiency

- Now: nutrition

Question 11

Define food insecurity.

Answer 11

Limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways

Question 12

Why is availability not a problem in today’s society? What is?

Answer 12

• We know how to produce staple foods optimally - Problem: ability of individuals to acquire foods (income, prices, distribution)

Question 13

Describe the physical environment.

Answer 13

• Climate change
• Soil degradation
• Water scarcity

Question 14

Describe the social environment.

Answer 14

• Land distribution
• Conflicts
• Dependence

Question 15

Describe the policy environment.

Answer 15

• Lack of budget to fight hunger
• Unstable food markets
• Political Instability

Question 16

What environmental layers contribute to food insecurity?

Answer 16

Physical -> Social -> Policy

Question 17

What does insufficient financial capital impact?

Answer 17

Agriculture production

Question 18

What does low human capital cause?

Answer 18

Illiteracy and taboos

Question 19

What does low social capital cause?

Answer 19

Weak social network

Question 20

What does low ecological capital impact?

Answer 20

Negatively impacts natural ressources

Question 21

What do low capitals cause?

Answer 21

• Poverty, unemployment, and high food prices - Lead to food insecurity

Question 22

What does food insecurity lead to?

Answer 22

• Insufficient or low quality diet - Poor utilization of food ressources

Question 23

What does food insecurity lead to?

Answer 23

• Malnutrition (overweight, underweight) - Malnutrition leads to illness, depression, and conflicts

Question 24

What is the double-burden of nutrition?

Answer 24

• Overnutrition (rich) - Undernutrition (poor)

Question 25

_______________ implies personal or household financial means to buy food for an adequate diet. It must be at a level to satisfy the dietary needs of the individual and the household all year round.

Answer 25

Economic accessibility

Question 26

_________ implies that food must be accessible to everyone (including vulnerable groups) and everywhere (including remote areas).

Answer 26

Physical accessibility

Question 27

___________ means that adequate food must be available and accessible all year-round.

Answer 27

Stability of supply

Question 28

________ is a political concept, which focuses on the needs of small food producers, less on urban issues, and introduces new rights not yet approved.

Answer 28

Food sovereignty

Question 29

What is food utilization?

Answer 29

Utilization is commonly understood as the way the body makes the most of various nutrients in the food. This food security dimension is determined primarily by people’s health status.