What psychological factors contribute to risk for depression?
- Unrealistic negative and demanding view of oneself, the world, and the future
- Negative cognitive style
- Interpersonal stressors
- Learned helplessness
- Trauma (psychobiological)
Is depression a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular illness?
Yeh
What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder?
- one of the following emotional states: affective lability, interpersonal irritability, anger, depression, anxiety
- sx’s during final week before menses, improve after onset
What is adjustment disorder with depressed mood?
- maladaptive reaction to social stressor
- impaired social/occupational function
- occurs within 3mo of stressor, does not last longer than 6mo
How long must symptoms last for it to be considered a major depressive disorder?
-2 weeks
Four out of these 7 symptoms must be present nearly every day for at least 2 weeks to qualify as a major depressive disorder.
- change in appetite or weight
- change in sleep pattern
- psychomotor agitation or retardation
- loss of interest, pleasure, energy
- worthlessness, self-reproach, or guilt
- diminished ability to think or concentrate. indecisiveness
- Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.
What are the possible atypical features associated with a diagnosis of depression?
mood reactivity and (at least 2 of 4):
- significant weight gain or increase in appetite
- hypersomnia
- leaden paralysis
- long standing interpersonal rejection sensitivity
What is the average duration of a single untreated major depressive episode?
6 months
What is Dysthymia?
=persistent depression disorder in DSM V
2 of these 6 symptoms must be present for at least 2 years for dysthymia to be diagnosed.
- poor appetite or overeating
- insomnia or hypersomnia
- low energy or fatigue
- low self-esteem
- poor concentration or indecisiveness
- feelings of hopelessness
What is the difference between late vs. early onset dysthymic disorder?
-Early = before 21 yo
What are the potential complications of dysthymic disorder?
- substance abuse
- underachievement
- marital conflict
- increased risk for major depression
- suicide
Bereavement increases the risk of ________ and ______.
- cardiovascular disease
- suicide
What is bereavement?
-the period of grief and mourning after a death
How long does Bereavement usually last?
-severe impairment for less than 3 mo
**often an “anniversary” flare-up
