Medicine 2 Term 2 > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

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1
Q

which nerve is at risk during a submandibular excision

A

marginal mandibular nerve

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2
Q

which cells are found in the epidermis of the skin?

A

keratinocytes (majority)

melanocytes (produce melasma)

Langerhans cells - 1st line of defence (antigen presenting dendritic cells)

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3
Q

purpose of melanocytes?

A

found in the epidermis of the skin (basal layer)

produce melasma that forms pockets of pigment (melanin) that migrates above the keratinocytes to protect them from UV radiation.

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4
Q

purpose of Langerhans cells?

A

found in epidermis

at antigen presenting dendritic cells

process antigens and present to lymph nodes

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5
Q

Which cells are found in the Dermis of the skin ?

A

Fibroblasts - make collagen and elastin

Macrophages

Mast cells - histamine granulating cells

hairs, muscles, blood vessels, nerves,

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6
Q

Why is the Dermis known as the workhorse of the skin?

A

Collagen and elastin matrix

enclosed in mucopolysarrachide gel

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7
Q

what is found in the hypodermis (subcutaneous layer of skin)

A

fat - store of adipose tissue

fibrous bands which anchor the skin to fascia

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8
Q

How long is a normal skin cycle

A

30 days (for basal , bottom cells to differentiate upwards)

this is rapid in some skin diseases e.g. psoriasis

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9
Q

how is skin colour determined

A

melanin - 2 types

1 eumelanin - black/brown (darker skin has more of and in large melanosomes)

  1. pheomelanin - red/yellow (fair skin)
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10
Q

What phase of the hair cycle are the majority of hair in

A
  1. anagen

active growing phase 80-90%

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11
Q

phases of hair growth

A

anagen - active growing (majority)

catagen - 2-3 week phase of growth stopping (small percentage)

telogen - resting phase 1-4 months

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12
Q

What cells in the skin are part of the adaptative immune system

A

Langerhans cell

antigen presenting dendritic cells

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13
Q

Small skin lesion

A

< 5mm

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14
Q

Large skin lesion

A

> 5mm

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15
Q

Macule

A

Small FLAT circumscribed area

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16
Q

a small FLAT circumscribed area

A

Macule

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17
Q

a Patch

A

Large FLAT circumscribed area

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18
Q

Large FLAT circumscribed area

A

a patch

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19
Q

a papule

A

small raised area

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20
Q

small raised area

A

papule

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21
Q

plaque

A

large raised area

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22
Q

a large raised area

A

plaque

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23
Q

vesicle

A

small and fluid filled

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24
Q

small and fluid filled

A

vesicle

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25
bullae
large fluid filled
26
large and fluid filled
bullae
27
pustule
small pus filled (e.g. ache)
28
abscess
large pus filled
29
erosion
loss of the epidermis
30
loss of the epidermis
erosion
31
small pus filled
pustule
32
ulcer
loss of epidermis and dermis
33
loss of the epidermis and dermis
ulcer
34
taller than they are wide
nodules
35
nodules
taller than they area wide
36
How is heat lost from the body
1. radiation (60%) 2. evaporation (respiration and sweating) - 600ml/day 3. conduction (heat transfer - gain + loss) 4. convection - gain + loss
37
how is the majority of heat lost
radiation - 60%
38
how is heat gained
conduction/convection
39
effect of cold stress on the body
1. increased metabolic rate 2. increased voluntary muscle activity (futile - stamping feet, jumping) 3. shivering thermogenesis (shivering - involuntary) 4. non-shivering thermogenesis (infants due to brown adipose tissue - occurs in brown fat)
40
in cold temperatures the SNS is activated a. true b. false
a. true constriction reduces the delivery of blood flow to the skin decreased blood delivered to the skin/minimise heat loss via convection
41
why are neonates at risk of hypothermia?
have brown adipose tissue and not a lot of fat tissue decreased surface area
42
vascular complications of cold
vasoconstriction increased viscosity thrombosis anoxia - cell death
43
effect of severe cold stress on cells
ice crystals form in the ECF space increased ECF osmolarity (fluid is pulls into ECF) from ICF cell dehydration and death of cells
44
response of blood vessels under heath stress
vasodilation - increased delivery of blood to the skin - convection (leads to a drop in central blood volume) disturbance of fluid and salt balance
45
how do anti-pyrectics work?
inhibit cyclo-oxygenase (produces prostaglandins) in hypothalamus and increase set point temperature
46
where is the brain does thermoregulation take place
hypothalamus
47
which adrenergic receptor is responsible for arteriolar vasoconstriction?
A1*
48
which adrenergic receptor is responsible for arteriolar vasodilation
B2
49
Macule
Small flat circumscribed area non-palpable of altered colour
50
Patch
Large flat circumscribed area that is non-palpable
51
Plaque
Large raised area palpable salmon like scale
52
Papule
small raised palpable area < 1cm
53
bullae
large fluid filled - superficial thin walled
54
Vesicle
small fluid filled - thin walled cavity less than < 1cm
55
pustule
small pus filled cavity thin walled
56
abscess
large pus filled cavity thick walled needs incision and drainage
57
erosion
loss of epidermis
58
ulcer
loss of epidermis and dermis
59
tests for viral skin infection
PCR throat swab
60
tests for bacterial skin infection
charcoal swabs MC and S
61
What are pilosebaceous units?
hair follicles and sebaceous glands
62
what are comedones
skin coloured papules - blocked Pilosebaceous units
63
a lesion less than < 0.5cm that contains pus
pustule
64
solid raised lesion that is <0.5cm
papule
65
solid raised lesion <0.5cm but has a deeper component
nodule
Medicine 2 Term 2
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