development - i&d morality

Question 1

morals

Answer 1

standards of right and wrong behaviour that can differ between cultures and can depend on the situation

Question 2

morals explanation

Answer 2

refer to what is right and wrong in human behaviour and has many differences between cultures and people

Question 3

piaget’s theory of moral development stages

Answer 3

5-10: heteronomous
10+: autonomous

Question 3

moral development

Answer 3

children’s growing understanding about right and wrong

Question 3

morality

Answer 3

refers to “proper” behaviours of when people act according to the principles of what is right and wrong

Question 4

piaget’s theory of moral development year

Answer 4

1932

Question 5

piaget’s theory of moral development brief explanation

Answer 5

moral understanding develops through stages, along with cognitive development

Question 6

heteronomous

Answer 6

rules put into place by others

Question 7

heteronomous stage explanation

Answer 7

> child believes rules cannot change
ideas of morality come from the people around them
focus on actions and consequences
breaking the rules leads to punishment

Question 7

preconventional morality

Answer 7

> rules cannot be changed
basic views of right and wrong
stage 1: child obeys rules to avoid punishment
stage 2: self interest/”what’s in it for me”; what can be gained from moral action

Question 7

autonomous

Answer 7

rules can be decided by the individual person

Question 7

kohlberg’s theory of moral development year

Answer 7

1958

Question 7

autonomous stage explanation

Answer 7

> child understands that intent is important
bad consequences can be good if the intent was good
can change rules to benefit others if its agreed
morals are seen as agreed within people

Question 8

kohlberg’s theory of moral development brief explanation

Answer 8

there are three levels of moral reasoning, with 2 stages in each

Question 8

kohlberg’s theory levels and associated ages

Answer 8

1: pre-conventional morality (till 9 years)
2: conventional morality (most young adults and adults)
3: post-conventional morality (only 10% of people)

Question 9

conventional morality

Answer 9

> see themselves as a good member of society
reasoning comes from group norms
stage 3: wanting to be seen as good and conforming to social rules
stage 4: maintaining social order by obeying authority, which is a duty

Question 10

norms

Answer 10

society’s values and customs, which a person in that society would be governed by

Question 11

post-conventional morality

Answer 11

> own ideas about good and bad
moral principles that are universal rather than for one society
stage 5: laws are social contracts so there can be differences based on which laws they agree to
stage 6: moral reasoning is abstract, some principles must be followed, but they go beyond individual laws

Question 12

weaknesses of piaget and kohlberg

Answer 12

piaget and kohlberg:
>artificial stories that lack ecological validities (no real consequences)

kohlberg:
>male only sample - can only be about males??

Question 13

damon year

Answer 13

1999

Question 14

damon view on developing a moral self

Answer 14

emotions of morality are found in babies, which supports the nature argument (nativist theories)

Question 15

nativist theories

Answer 15

theories that view morality as part of human nature

Question 16

how would children develop moral understanding damon

Answer 16

children must hear a consistent message about shared standards
>since morals comes from many social influences a child experiences

Question 17

how do help children develop moral understanding damon

Answer 17

> look at things from many different perspectives
this will get them to think
Children should be given the chance to develop their self-control and accept social responsibility

Question 18

damon early infancy

Answer 18

children's feeling towards others are the same as their feeling to themselves >global empathy

Question 19

damon 1-2

Answer 19

children realise others are upset but don't know what to do about it

Question 20

damon early childhood

Answer 20

children learn that others may have different views to them so they can be more responsive to other's distress

Question 21

damon 10-12

Answer 21

children start to realise others live differently >such as poverty or disability