Developmental Coordination Disorder

Question 1

DCD

Developmental Coordination Disorder also known as…

Answer 1

• Developmental Clumsiness
• In-coordination
• Minimal Minimal Brain Dysfunction
• Clumsy Child (1930)
• Dyspraxia (1962)
• Developmental Dyspraxia (1970)
• Developmental Coordination Disorder (!990)

Question 2

DCD

• Developmental Clumsiness
• In-coordination
• Minimal Minimal Brain Dysfunction

AKA

Answer 2

Developmental Coordination Disorder

Question 3

DCD

DCD Definition by DSM-5 is classified as a discrete motor disorder under the broader heading of
_____________ disorders

Answer 3

neurodevelopmental

Question 4

DCD

The motor skills deficit in Criterion A significantly and persistently interferes with activities of daily living appropriate to chronological age (e.g., self-care and self-maintenance) and impacts academic/school productivity, prevocational and vocational activities, leisure, and play.

Answer 4

Developmental Coordination Disorder as defined by the DMS-5

Question 5

DCD

Onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period. The motor skills deficits are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or visual impairment and are not attributable to a neurological condition affecting movement (e.g., cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, degenerative disorder).

Answer 5

Developmental Coordination Disorder

by DSM-5

Question 6

DCD

Incidence of DCD:
​

Answer 6

• Estimated at 5-10% (6-13%)of all school age-children have DCD
• Greater in boys than girls: 4:1 Ratio (1.7:1 UK)

Question 7

DCD

Risks (incidence) of Developmental Coordination Disorder:

Answer 7

• ↑ in pre-terms infants
• In-utero exposure to alcohol and drugs
• Genetics may contribute

Question 8

DCD

Disorders associated with Developmental Coordination Disorder

Answer 8

• Speaking problems
  
  • expressive and phonological
• Learning disorders
• Sensory Processing Disorders (praxis)
• ADD/ADHD

Question 9

DCD

4 processes of praxis

Answer 9

1. Interpreting sensory input
2. Choosing a motor action
3. Choosing a proper SEQUENCE
4. Choosing an specific force, speed, direction and distance.

Question 10

DCD

Apraxia Vs. Dyspraxia

Answer 10

• Apraxia: loss of praxis, no somatosensory dysfunction, shows in MRI
• Dyspraxia: dysfunctional praxis, tactile and propriceptive dysfunction, no show in MRI

Question 11

DCD

Motor problems in DCD:

Answer 11

• Total FLX and EXT patterns
• Toe walkers
• Slap foot, high stepping, shuffling (for sensory input)

Question 12

DCD

Fine motor skills problems in DCD:

Answer 12

• Pinching instead of squeezing
• Breaks objects

Question 13

DCD

Most common test for DCD

Answer 13

movement ABC

Question 14

DCD

Levels of adaptive response:

Answer 14

1. Response to passive stimuli
2. Hold and stay
3. Alt contraction/relax of muscles
4. Uses in a familiar way
5. Uses in an unfamiliar way
6. Complicated adaptation

Question 15

DCD

Treatment session of DCD should be rich in

Answer 15

tactile and vestibular input

Question 16

DCD

Premack principle

Answer 16

Intersperse things that you like with things you don’t

Question 17

DCD

Therapist responsibility in a DCD session

Answer 17

1. Choose a skill
2. Modify the envrionment
3. Provide feedback

Question 18

DCD

Initial activities with children with DCD should be

Answer 18

VESTIBULAR

Question 19

DCD

To increase proprioceptive input

Answer 19

• weighted vest, shoes, pencils
• neoprene suits
• Theraband around the chair

Question 20

DCD

To increase tactile input

Answer 20

• pacifiers
• texture surfaces, chewing gum

Question 21

DCD

To decreased tactile input:

Answer 21

• pressure on head during combing
• pressure on hands during nail clipping

Question 22

DCD

To increase and decrease visual input:

Answer 22

• Increase: mirrors, modeling, set boundaries
• Decrease: dim lights, restrict visual area

Question 23

DCD

To increase and decrease auditory input:

Answer 23

• increase: headphone, metronome, clapping,
• decrease: headphones, earplugs, give one direction at the time

Question 24

DCD

Use of total body patterns with children with DCD

Answer 24

• Flexion
• Extension: all 4s and rocking, prone on swing, scooter, ball
• Rotation: on ball, all 4s to sit.