Developmental Stages

Question 1

State and local governments will often implement what in an attempt to positively impact child development

Answer 1

Public policy

Question 2

Piaget

Answer 2

• 4 stages of Cognitive Development
• Cognitive Development was a reorganization of mental processes resulting from biological maturation and environmental experience

Question 3

Piaget

STAGE 1

Answer 3

Sensorimotor

Question 4

Sensorimotor

Answer 4

0-2 yrs

Figure out the world through sensory and motor experiences

Object permanence and separation anxiety are hallmarks of this stage

Question 5

Piaget

Stage 2

Answer 5

Pre-operational

Question 6

Pre-operational

Answer 6

2-6 years

Children at this stage identify and use symbols for objects but do not have the ability to apply logical reasoning

Know how to play pretend and are egocentric

Question 7

Piaget

STAGE 3

Answer 7

Concrete operational

Question 8

Concrete operational

Answer 8

7-12 yrs

Logical reasoning about concrete objects kicks in during this stage

CONSERVATION

Reversibility, serial ordering, and understanding cause and effect relationships are hallmarks

Thinking is still limited to the concrete

Question 9

Piaget

STAGE 4

Answer 9

Formal operational

Question 10

Formal operational

Answer 10

12 yrs - adult

Abstract thinking such as logic, deductive reasoning, comparison, and classifications are demonstrated by the individual in this stage

Question 11

VYGOTSKY

Answer 11

Zone of Proximal Development

Question 12

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 12

Learning is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of developing culturally organized, specifically human psychological function

ASSERTED - social interaction is necessary for cognitive development

Social Social Social Social Social Social

VYGOTSKY

Question 13

What is the zone of proximal development?

Answer 13

The distance between a students ability to perform a task with assistance and to perform a task independently.

Contrasts what happens in many classrooms, where the teacher lectures and doles out information to a captive audience. INSTEAD, contends that reciprocity between the students and the teacher is essential to learning.

OUTER - Learner cannot perform the task
MIDDLE - Learner can perform task with some assistance
INNER - Learner can perform task without assistance

Question 14

FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME

Physical

Answer 14

• wide set eyes
• extremely thin upper lip
• joint and limb deformities
• slow growth
• small head circumference
• heart defects

Question 15

FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME

Cognitive effects

Answer 15

• delayed development
• intellectual disabilities/learning disorders
• hyperactivity
• poor memory
• difficulty with reasoning and judgment
• mood swings

Question 16

FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME

Social

Answer 16

• poor adaptability
• off-task behavior
• little impulse control
• poor social skills