Caudocranial stifle landmarks:
Cranial: distal 1/3 femur
Caudal: proximal 1/3 tibia fibula
Centre: stifle joint
Lateral: skin edges
Radius and ulna radiograph landmarks:
Cranial: olecranon
Caudal: carpus
Centre: mid radius and ulna
Lateral: skin edges
Where do you need to clip for an ultrasound of the spleen?
Cranial: xiphoid process
Caudal: pubis
Lateral: laterally from xiphoid process following the costal arch until midway up the flank both sides
How many microscope slides, needles and syringes do you need for the ultrasound osce?
4
Skull radiograph landmarks:
Rostrally: nares
Centre : midline between the eyes
Caudal: atlas
Lateral: skin edges
Abdominal radiograph landmarks:
Centre: cranial abdomen just cranial to last rib between skin surfaces
Cranial: to include the diaphragm
Caudal: to the umbilical
Lateral: skin edges
Thoracic radiograph landmarks:
RL thorax
cranial - thoracic inlet
Caudal - last rig
Lateral - skin edges
Centre - mid chest 5th rib
Lumbar spine radiograph landmarks:
Cranial - thoracolumbar junction
Caudal - sacrum
Lateral - mid abdomen
Dorsal - skin edges
Centre - lumbar spine
How should the limbs be for the lumbar spine radiograph?
Forelimbs cranial
Hind limbs caudally
BVA Hip radiograph landmarks:
Cranial - wings of ilium
Caudal - mid shaft femur
Lateral - skin edges
Mid - pubis synthesis
How are should BVA hips radiographs be positioned?
Ties on legs
Sandbags
Wedges between stifles
Ventro-dorsal abdomen radiograph landmarks:
Cranial : last rib
Caudal : ishium
Centre : between last rib and pelvic inlet
Lateral : skin edges
Dorso-ventral thorax radiograph landmarks:
Cranial - thoracic inlet
Caudal - last rib
Centre - caudal border of scapula
Lateral - skin edges
Lateral elbow radiograph landmarks:
Proximal - distal 1/3 humerus
distal - proximal 1/3 radius and ulna
Centre - elbow joint
Caudal/cranial - skin edges
