Diazepam (Valium)

Question 1

Classification

Answer 1

Anticonvulsant/sedative/benzodiazepine/anxiolytic

Question 2

Mechanism of Action

Answer 2

Positive allosteric modulator for GABAa receptors->Binds to benzo receptor site on chloride channels and potentials binding and effects of GABA(increases intracellular Cl- concentration leading to hyperpolarization of the cell

Question 3

Pharmacokinetics

• onset of action
• peak effects
• duration of effects
• half life

Answer 3

• Onset of action-1-5 minutes IV, 15-30 minutes IM
• Peak Effects- 10 minutes IV, 30-45 minutes IM
• duration of effects- 15-60 minutes
• half life- 20-50 hours

Question 4

Indications/field use

Answer 4

• Major motor seizures
• pre-medication for cardio version or TCP
• acute anxiety

Question 5

Contraindications

Answer 5

Hypersensitivity

Question 6

Side effects/adverse reactions

Answer 6

Hypotension, hallucinations, drowsiness, amnesia, respiratory depression, blurred vision, AMS, nausea and vomiting(N+V)

Question 7

Dose

Answer 7

Anxiety- adult 2-5mg slow IV, IO
Seizure- adult 5-10mg slow IV, IO
Sedative- 5-15mg slow IV, IO
(PEDI): 0.2mg/kg IV/IO; max dose 5mg

Question 8

Precautions

Answer 8

• May cause CNS and respiratory depression

- Caution with acute alcohol intoxication -Valium potentiates alcohol

Question 9

Drug-drug interaction

Answer 9

Additive effects with CNS depressants and alcohol