digestive system

Question 1

List the processes involved in food processing of the digestive system

Answer 1

• ingestion
• digestion
  
  • mechanical
  • chemical
• absorption
• Defecation

Question 2

Describe the role of ingestion

Answer 2

intake of food or eating and involves lips, teeth, tongue

Question 3

Describe mechanical digestion

Answer 3

• first action of breakdown large food items into smaller pieces to enhance enzyme action
• teeth and chewing, stomach mixing, intestinal peristalsis

Question 4

Describe the role of chemical digestion

Answer 4

• secretion of enzymes, water, acid and buffers into the lumen of the digestive tract
• enzymatic breakdown of macromolecules into smaller monomers occurs through hydrolysis

Question 5

What do the different macromolecules breakdown into

Answer 5

• proteins - amino acids
• starch or glycogen or disaccharides - monosaccharides
• triglycerides - fatty acids, glycerol, monoglycerides

Question 6

Describe the role of absorption

Answer 6

• epithelial cells lining portions of the digestive tract absorb the monomers from enzyme breakdown
• Nearby blood vessels diffuse most nutrients which are delivered to other cells to supply energy for cellular respiration or to be stored
• Lymphatic Vessels absorb fats (cholesterol does not need to be digested first)

Question 7

Describe the role of deification

Answer 7

undigested food along with bacteria and other wastes are eliminated from the digestive tract as feeces

Question 8

List the organs that make up the digestive tract

Answer 8

• mouth
• pharynx
• esophogus
• stomach
• small intestine
• large intestine
• anus

Question 9

List the structural names, in order, of food processes which make up the human digestive tract.

Answer 9

• Mouth
• Pharynx (throat)
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large intestine
• Anus

Question 10

List the accessory organs

Answer 10

• tongue
• teeth
• salivary glands
• pancreas
• liver
• Gall bladder

Question 11

Describe the role of the tongue

Answer 11

• skeletal muscle
• manipulates food for swallowing
• manipulates speech

Question 12

Describe the role of teeth

Answer 12

• mechanical digestion

- involved in chewing or mastication to breakdown food

Question 13

Describe salivary glands

Answer 13

• produces saliva with digestive enzymes

- empty oral cavity

Question 14

Describe the role of the liver

Answer 14

many metabolic functions, but also produces bile to break up large globules of fat in to droplets for better enzymic acton

Question 15

Describe the role of the pancreas

Answer 15

• produces many digestive enzymes

- empties into the duodenum

Question 16

Describe the role of the gall bladder

Answer 16

• stores and concentrates bile
• carries away wastes
• breaks down fats during digestion

Question 17

Describe the role of the mouth

Answer 17

moistens food, initiates mechanical and chemical digestions

Question 18

Describe the role of the Pharynx

Answer 18

• swallowing

- common chamber for air liquid and food

Question 19

Describe the role of the Esophagus

Answer 19

• muscular tube connecting to stomach

- involved in swallowing

Question 20

Describe the role of the stomach

Answer 20

muscular organ with glands involved in mechanical mixing and chemical digestion

Question 21

Describe the role of the small intestine

Answer 21

• long tube composed of the Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
• site of chemical digestion and
• adapted for absorption

Question 22

Describe the role of the Large intestine

Answer 22

• Composed of the cecum, appendix, colon, rectum
• feces formation
• contains beneficial bacterial colonies

Question 23

Describe the Anus and what is its role

Answer 23

• muscular rings

- regulates elimination

Question 24

What is the name of the process used to break down macromolecules using enzymes

Answer 24

Hydrolysis breaks macromolecules into monomers which can then be absorbed into the blood vessels