Digestive System

Question 1

mouth

Answer 1

• mechanical (chewing) + chemcial (salivary amylase) digestion begins
• saliva lubricates food into bolus for esophagus –> increase salivary amylase

Question 2

salivary amylase (SA)

Answer 2

digests startch into maltose

Question 3

pharynx

Answer 3

• food enters and separates from respiratory system
• epiglottis: prevents choking by blocking the trachea

Question 4

esophagus

Answer 4

• peristalsis: wave-like contraction of muscles pushes food down towards stomach
• upper 1/3: voluntary and skeletal muscle
• middle 1/3: smooth muscle
• lower 1/3: mixed

Question 5

stomach

Answer 5

• enters via cardiac sphincter
• converts and mixes food into chyme (mechanical churning and chemical enzyme digestion)
• lined with gastric pits leading to gastric glands

Question 6

G cells

Answer 6

stimulated by food distinction and secretes gastrin

Question 7

what stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl?

Answer 7

gastrin

Question 8

parietal cells

Answer 8

secrete HCl

Question 9

chief cells

Answer 9

secrete gastric lipase and pepsinogen –> low pH converts to pepsin

Question 10

G cells stimulate…

Answer 10

chief cells

Question 11

mucous cells

Answer 11

secretes mucus for lubrication, protection against stomach acid

Question 12

small intestine

Answer 12

90% of digestion and nutrient absorption

Question 13

parts of small intestine

Answer 13

DJ Eye
* dudodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 14

where does acidic chyme enter

Answer 14

via the pyloric sphincter

Question 15

goblet cells

Answer 15

secret mucus and protect from acidic environment

Question 16

acid

Answer 16

stimulates release of secretin which stimulates release of bicarbonate ions into duodenum via pancreatic duct

Question 17

acidic chyme moves via

Answer 17

peristalsis

Question 18

what stimulates the release of CCK

Answer 18

proteins and fats will stimulate SI to release CCK

Question 19

CCK

Answer 19

slows gastric emptying
* stimulates pancrease to release digestive enzymes to do most of the digestion (macro–> oligo)
* stimulates gallbladder to relase bile into duodenum

Question 20

villi

Answer 20

• finger like projections on the wall
• made of enterocytes

Question 21

microvili

Answer 21

projections of villi and increase SA and absorption efficiency

Question 22

lacteal

Answer 22

each villus is associated with a capillary network and a lymph vessel

Question 23

microvilli form?

Answer 23

brush border in which final digestion takes place (oligo –> mono)

Question 24

gastrin

Answer 24

• produced by G cells of stomach
• stimulate parietal cells to create gastric juice
• stimulate chief cells to release pepsinogen and lipase

Question 25

secretin

Answer 25

* produced by duodenum * stimulate pancreas to release bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chyme

Question 26

CCK

Answer 26

* produced by duodenum * stimulate gallbladder to release bile * stimulate pancrease to release digestive enzyme (trypsin)