Digestive System

Question 1

1. All of the following describes the Extrinsic muscle, except?
   a. Originate outside the tongue and insert into connective tissues in the tongue
   b. Move the tongue side to side and in and out
   c. Alter the shape of the tongue
   d. AOTA

Answer 1

c. Alter the shape of the tongue

Question 2

2. Digestion of proteins begins in the
   a. Esophagus
   b. Stomach
   c. Small Intestine
   d. Large Intestine

Answer 2

b. Stomach

Question 3

3. Intrinsic factor

a. Needed for absorption of vit b12, which is used in white blood cell formation
b. Needed for absorption of vit b1, which is used in red blood cell formation
c. Needed for absorption of vit b12, which is used in red blood cell formation
d. Needed for absorption of vit b1, which is used in white blood cell formation

Answer 3

c. Needed for absorption of vit b12, which is used in red blood cell formation

Question 4

4. Which of the following describe the pyloric sphincter?

a. sphincter responsible for controlling the food movement into the large intestine from the small intestine
b. sphincter responsible for controlling the food movement into the small intestine from the stomach
c. sphincter responsible for controlling the food movement into the stomach from the esophagus
d. sphincter responsible for controlling the food movement into the small intestine from the esophagus

Answer 4

b. sphincter responsible for controlling the food movement into the small intestine from the stomach

Question 5

5. Which of the following describe the ileocecal sphincter?
   a. sphincter responsible for controlling the food movement into the large intestine from the small intestine
   b. sphincter responsible for controlling the food movement into the small intestine from the stomach
   c. sphincter responsible for controlling the food movement into the stomach from the esophagus
   d. sphincter responsible for controlling the food movement into the small intestine from the esophagus

Answer 5

a. sphincter responsible for controlling the food movement into the large intestine from the small intestine

Question 6

6. Which of the following meal will be emptied first?

a. 300 cal semi solid high protein
b. 300 cal liquid high carbohydrates
c. 300 cal liquid high protein
d. 300 cal solid high protein

Answer 6

b. 300 cal liquid high carbohydrates

Question 7

7. Gastric pits are the openings to the gastric glands, which contains

a. Mucous neck cells, parietal cells, chief cells
b. Mucous neck cells, beta cells, parietal cells
c. Mucous neck cells, nerve cells, chief cells
d. NOTA

Answer 7

a. Mucous neck cells, parietal cells, chief cells

Question 8

8. If bile contains either insufficient bile salts or lecithin or excessive cholesterol, the cholesterol may crystallize to form

a. Hepatitis
b. Pancreatitis
c. Galllstones
d. IBD

Answer 8

c. Galllstones

Question 9

9. an activating brush border enzyme that splits off part of the trypsinogen molecule to form trypsin.

a. eterokinase
b. kinterokinase
c. enterokinase
d. NOTA

Answer 9

c. enterokinase

Question 10

10. Voluntary stage

a. Stage in which the chyme is passed into the oropharynx
b. Stage in which the bolus is passed into the nasopharynx
c. Stage in which the bolus is passed into the oropharynx
d. Stage in which the chyme is passed into the nasopharynx

Answer 10

c. Stage in which the bolus is passed into the oropharynx

Question 11

11. Esophageal stage

a. Passage of the bolus through the esophagus into the stomach
b. Passage of the chyme through the esophagus into the stomach
c. Passage of the chyme through the esophagus into the small intestine
d. Passage of the bolus through the esophagus into the small intestine

Answer 11

a. Passage of the bolus through the esophagus into the stomach

Question 12

12. This vitamin is best absorbed in the ileum

a. B12
b. K
c. C
d. E

Answer 12

a. B12

Question 13

13. constipation that is so severe that bowel movements occur only once every week or so. This allows tremendous quantities of fecal matter to accumulate in the colon sometimes to distend to a diameter of 3 to 4 inches. This condition is called.

a. Hirschsprung’s disease
b. enteritis
c. psychogenic diarrhea
d. NOTA

Answer 13

a. Hirschsprung’s disease

Question 14

14. Which of the following describes the Intrinsic muscle of the tongue?

a. Originate outside the tongue and insert into connective tissues in the tongue
b. Move the tongue side to side and in and out
c. Alter the shape of the tongue
d. AOTA

Answer 14

c. Alter the shape of the tongue

Question 15

15. Chief cells of the stomach

a. Secrete pepsinogen
b. Secrete trypsinogen
c. Secrete chymotrypsinogen
d. AOTA

Answer 15

a. Secrete pepsinogen

Question 16

16. Which of the following describe the gallbladder?
    a. Largest internal organ of the body
    b. Saclike structure for bile storage
    c. Complex organ composed of both
    endocrine and exocrine tissues
    d. Major events of absorption

Answer 16

b. Saclike structure for bile storage

Code: Gall BILEladder

Question 17

17. All of the following describes the large intestine, Except:

a. It consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal
b. The colon stores the feces until they are eliminated by defecation.
c. The large intestine is where the greatest amount of digestion and absorption occurs.
d. NOTA

Answer 17

c. The large intestine is where the greatest amount

Question 18

18. Regulates the opening of the Hepatopancreatic Ampulla

a. Sphincter of Oddi
b. Sphincter of Oddin
c. Sphincter of Odden
d. NOTA

Answer 18

a. Sphincter of Oddi

Question 19

19. A minor amount of carbohydrate digestion begins in the oral cavity with the partial digestion of starches by

a. Patayalin
b. Gastrin
c. Ptyalin
d. Tayalin

Answer 19

c. Ptyalin

Question 20

20. Stimulates gastric acid secretion
    a. Cholecystokinin
    b. Secretin
    c. Gastrin
    d. Calcitonin

Answer 20

c. Gastrin

Gastric acid –> Gastrin

Question 21

21. Deglutition or swallowing center

a. Medulla and lower pons
b. Medulla and upper pons
c. Lower pons and midbrain
d. Upper pons and midbrain

Answer 21

a. Medulla and lower pons

Question 22

22. Pharyngeal Stage

a. Passage of the bolus through the pharynx into the stomach
b. Passage of the chyme through the pharynx into the esophagus
c. Passage of the bolus through the pharynx into the esophagus
d. Passage of the chyme through the pharynx into stomach

Answer 22

c. Passage of the bolus through the pharynx into the esophagus

Question 23

23. Normally, the movement of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract is slowest along this segment

a. mouth
b. large intestine
c. esophagus
d. small intestine
e. stomach

Answer 23

b. large intestine

Question 24

24. the ileum and distal jejunum of a 34yo man are ruptured in an automobile accident. The entire ileum and a portion of the jejunum are
    resected. What is most likely to occur in this man?

a. Constipation
b. VitB12 deficiency
c. GERD
d. Gastric Ulcer

Answer 24

b. VitB12 deficiency

Question 25

25. Which of the following describe GERD? a. If the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close adequately after food has entered the stomach, the stomach contents can reflux (back up) into the inferior portion of the esophagus. b. If the upper esophageal sphincter fails to close adequately after food has entered the stomach, the stomach contents can reflux (back up) into the inferior portion of the esophagus. c. If the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close adequately after food has entered the small intestine, the small intestine contents can reflux (back up) into the inferior portion of the esophagus. d. If the upper esophageal sphincter fails to close adequately after food has entered the small intestine, the small intestine contents can reflux (back up) into the inferior portion of the esophagus.

Answer 25

a. If the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close adequately after food has entered the stomach, the stomach contents can reflux (back up) into the inferior portion of the esophagus.

Question 26

26. Which of the following describe the esophagus? a. It produces digestive enzymes b. Events of absorption c. Passageway that conducts food to stomach d. It has two sphincter: ileocecal and pyloric sphincter

Answer 26

c. Passageway that conducts food to stomach

Question 27

27. all of the following are ways on how the sphincter of oddi can relax except a. production of cholecystokinin b. peristaltic wave down the common bile duct c. intestinal peristaltic wave d. production of somatostatin

Answer 27

d. production of somatostatin

Question 28

28. The bolus stimulates receptors in the oropharynx, which sends impulses to the deglutition center. The returning impulses cause the: a. soft palate and larynx move upward to close off the nasopharynx. Uvula is pulled forward and upward sealing off the respiratory tract. b. soft palate and uvula move downward to close off the nasopharynx. Larynx is pulled backward and downward sealing off the respiratory tract. c. soft palate and larynx move downward to close off the nasopharynx. Uvula is pulled backward and downward sealing off the respiratory tract. d. soft palate and the uvula move upward to close off the nasopharynx. Larynx is pulled forward and upward sealing off the respiratory tract.

Answer 28

d. soft palate and the uvula move upward to close off the nasopharynx. Larynx is pulled forward and upward sealing off the respiratory tract.

Question 29

29. maltose is a disaccharide. It’s a combination of: a. 1glucose+ 1glucose b. 2 glucose+ 1 glucose c. 1 glucose + 1 galactose d. 1 glucose + fructose

Answer 29

a. 1glucose+ 1glucose

Question 30

30. Referred pain for: colon a. right groin area b. low back area c. sacrum d. shoulder blades

Answer 30

c. sacrum

Question 31

31. Referred pain for: spleen a. Left shoulder b. Right shoulder c. Lateral border of the right scapula d. Sacrum

Answer 31

a. Left shoulder

Question 32

32. The ___________, which carry bile from the liver lobes, combine to form the _________ a. Cystic Duct; Common Hepatic Duct b. Common bile duct; Cystic Duct c. Hepatic Ducts; Common Hepatic Duct d. Pancreatic Duct; Cystic duct

Answer 32

c. Hepatic Ducts; Common Hepatic Duct

Question 33

33. The common hepatic duct combines with the ______ from the gallbladder to form the ________ a. Cystic Duct; Common Bile Duct b. Cystic Duct; Hepatic Ducts c. Pancreatic Duct; Common Bile Duct d. Pancreatic Duct; Hepatic Ducts

Answer 33

a. Cystic Duct; Common Bile Duct

Question 34

34. The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct combine to form the ____________ a. Duct of Santorini b. Accessory Duct c. Hepatopancreatic Ampulla d. NOTA

Answer 34

c. Hepatopancreatic Ampulla

Question 35

35. The Enteric Nervous System is composed mainly of two plexuses a. Myenteric or Meissner’s plexus and Submucosal or Auerbach plexus b. Myenteric or Auerbach plexus and Submucosal or Meissner’s plexus c. Myenteric or Anterbach plexus and Submucosal or Meissner’s plexus d. Myenteric or Auerbach plexus and Submeissners or Meissner’s plexus

Answer 35

b. Myenteric or Auerbach plexus and Submucosal or Meissner’s plexus

Question 36

36. Which of the following describe the motor function of the stomach? a. storage of large quantities of food until the food can be processed b. mixing of this food with gastric secretions until it forms a semifluid mixture called chyme c. slow emptying of the chyme from the stomach into the small intestine at a rate suitable for proper digestion and absorption by the small intestine. d. AOTA

Answer 36

d. AOTA

Question 37

37. Defecation Reflex a. Reflex that empties the ileum b. Reflex that empties stomach c. Reflex that empties the rectum d. Reflex that empties the cecum

Answer 37

c. Reflex that empties the rectum

Question 38

38. Which of the following describe the composition of saliva? a. 99.5% solutes and .5% water b. Contains immunoglobulin G c. Contains immunoglobulin M d. 99.5% water and .5% solutes

Answer 38

d. 99.5% water and .5% solutes

Question 39

39. The roof of the oral cavity is divided into the hard and soft palates. The hard palate forms the posterior portion and the soft palate forms the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth. a. First statement is true. Second statement is false. b. First statement is false. Second statement is true. c. Both statements are true d. Both statements are false

Answer 39

a. First statement is true. Second statement is false.

Question 40

40. Twenty deciduous teeth are replaced by a. 31 permanent teeth b. 32 permanent teeth c. 33 permanent teeth d. 35 permanent teeth

Answer 40

b. 32 permanent teeth

Question 41

41. Sympathetic stimulation of salivary gland dominates during a. Sleeping b. Stress c. Reading d. AOTA

Answer 41

b. Stress Sympa: Stress Para: Pahinga

Question 42

42. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) from the stomach contents can irritate the esophageal wall, resulting in a burning sensation that is called a. Heartburn b. Thyroid Storm c. Heartstop d. NOTA

Answer 42

a. Heartburn burning sensation --> heartburn

Question 43

43. secreted by the stomach catalyzes the cleavage of covalent bonds in proteins to produce smaller polypeptide chains a. Gastrin b. Pepsin c. Trypsin d. Secretin

Answer 43

b. Pepsin polypeptide chains --> Pepsin

Question 44

44. Pain associated with large intestine and colon may occur in the a. Chest area b. Epigastric area c. Umbilical area d. Suprapubic area

Answer 44

d. Suprapubic area

Question 45

45. Pain associated with stomach a. Chest area b. Epigastric area c. Umbilical area d. Suprapubic area

Answer 45

b. Epigastric area

Question 46

46. normal amount of bile a. 1000-1500ml b. 200-500ml c. 800-1000L d. NOTA

Answer 46

d. NOTA

Question 47

47. stimulates gallbladder contractions to release bile into the duodenum. a. Cholecystokinin b. Secretin c. Gastrin d. Ptyalin

Answer 47

a. Cholecystokinin

Question 48

48. Ingested carbohydrates consist primarily of a. polysaccharides, such as starches; disaccharides, such as sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar); and monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose (the sugar found in many fruits). b. polysaccharides, such as sucrose; disaccharides, such as starch(table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar); and monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose (the sugar found in many fruits). c. polysaccharides, such as starches; disaccharides, such as sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar); and monosaccharides, such as maltose and fructose (the sugar found in many fruits). d.polysaccharides, such as maltose; disaccharides, such as sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar); and monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose (the sugar found in many fruits).

Answer 48

a. polysaccharides, such as starches; disaccharides, such as sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar); and monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose (the sugar found in many fruits).

Question 49

49. Pain associated with small intestine a. Chest area b. Epigastric area c. Umbilical area d. Suprapubic area

Answer 49

c. Umbilical area

Question 50

50. Which of the following describe the LES? a. Contraction of this sphincter permits entry of bolus into stomach. b. Contraction of this sphincter permits entry of bolus into small intestine. c. Relaxation of this sphincter permits entry of bolus into stomach. d. Relaxation of this sphincter permits entry of bolus into small intestine.

Answer 50

c. Relaxation of this sphincter permits entry of bolus into stomach.