Prosthesis

Question 1

1. Which of the following is/are considered heavier than SACH foot:

I. Quantum
II. SAFE
III. Carbon copy II
IV. Seattle foot

a. I and III
b. II and IV
c. I, II and III
d. All are correct

Answer 1

b. II and IV

+ STEN

Question 2

2. Causes of ‘drop-off” during late stance using a below-knee prosthesis, EXCEPT:
   a. Excessive dorsiflexion of foot
   b. Too soft dorsiflexion bumper
   c. Excessive anterior tilt of socket over prosthetic foot
   d. Too soft plantarflexion bumper

Answer 2

d. Too soft plantarflexion bumper

Drop off: Early knee flexion and push off

Question 3

3. Lateral whip is usually seen during:
   a. Early stance
   b. Midstance
   c. Late stance
   d. Early swing

Answer 3

c. Late stance

Late Stance: Heel off to toe off

Question 4

4. In a short transfemoral amputation, the amputation is approximately what percentage of the femoral length?

a. < 35
b. 35 to 60
c. > 60
d. < 20

Answer 4

a. < 35

Question 5

5. Which of the following is an amputation at the tarsometatarsal junction?
   a. Boyd’s
   b. Syme’s
   c. Chopart
   d. Lisfranc

Answer 5

d. Lisfranc

Code: LITA

Question 6

6. What is the IDEAL stump shape for a transfemoral residual limb?
   a. Rectangular
   b. Conical
   c. Pyramidal
   d. Cylindrical

Answer 6

b. Conical

Code: B-Cy A-Co

Question 7

7. In the postoperative management of the residual limb a “shrinker” should be worn for how many hours out of the day?

a. 24
b. 12
c. 8
d. Shrinkers are not utilized after amputation

Answer 7

a. 24

Question 8

8. Which of the following would be acceptable in contracture prevention for the transtibial amputee?

a. Sitting with the knee extended on a towel- wrapped board under the wheelchair cushion
b. Sitting with the residual limb hanging over the edge of the bed
c. Sitting with a pillow placed under the knee
d. Sitting with a pillow placed between the legs

Answer 8

a. Sitting with the knee extended on a towel- wrapped board under the wheelchair cushion

Dapat knee extended that knee flexion

Question 9

9. All of the following are components of a transtibial prosthesis EXCEPT:

a. Socket
b. Knee mechanism
c. Shank
d. Suspension

Answer 9

b. Knee mechanism

Knee mechanism: AK Prosthesis

Question 10

10. All of the following are pressure-tolerant areas for a below knee amputation prosthetic EXCEPT:

a. Patellar tendon
b. Medial tibial flare
c. Anterior crest of tibia
d. Popliteal fossa-gastrocsoleus muscles

Answer 10

c. Anterior crest of tibia

C is a pressure sensitive area

Question 11

11. Which is not a pressure-sensitive area in regard to lower extremity prosthetics?
    a. Pretibial muscles
    b. Hamstring tendons
    c. Patella
    d. Distal tibia

Answer 11

d. Distal tibia

Question 12

12. Which of the following prosthetic foot is the most affordable?
    a. Multi-axis foot
    b. Solid ankle cushion heel (SACH)
    c. Energy storing
    d. Single-axis foot

Answer 12

b. Solid ankle cushion heel (SACH)

SACH is MC

Question 13

13. Which of the following prosthetic options would allow for participations in most vigorous sports?

a. Flex-foot
b. Single-axis foot
c. Rigid keel
d. Multi-axis foot

Answer 13

a. Flex-foot

Question 14

14. The most commonly used type of socket for an AK prosthesis?
    a. Hard socket
    b. Ischial containment socket
    c. ISNY socket
    d. Quadrilateral transfemoral socket

Answer 14

b. Ischial containment socket

Question 15

15. The Silesian belt, total elastic suspension belt, and pelvic band are all types of suspension for which type of prosthesis?

a. Below knee amputation (transtibial)
b. Above knee amputation (transfemoral)
c. Hip disarticulation
d. Syme’s amputation

Answer 15

b. Above knee amputation (transfemoral)

Question 16

16. Which of the following describes an awareness of a non-painful sensation in the amputated part?
    a. Allodynia
    b. Phantom pain
    c. Hyperalgesia
    d. Phantom sensation

Answer 16

d. Phantom sensation

Nafefeel niya kahit wala na (aw)

Question 17

17. This type of prosthetic foot has 3 wooden keels and 2 rubber plugs:
    a. SACH x
    b. Flex walk
    c. Seattle
    d. STEN

Answer 17

d. STEN

Question 18

18. When compared with normal walking without a prosthesis or assistive device, which condition requires the greatest increase in energy expenditure?

a. Transtibial amputation
b. Transfemoral amputation
c. Bilateral transtibial
d. Wheelchair use

Answer 18

b. Transfemoral amputation

This is also single AKA

Question 19

19. Which type of amputee will expend the most energy when being compared with normal walking?
    a. Transfemoral-transtibial
    b. Bilateral transtibial
    c. Transfemoral with use of crutch
    d. Transfemoral

Answer 19

a. Transfemoral-transtibial

Single BK/ Single AK is 75
B is 41
C is 60
D is 65

Question 20

20. What will be the result of a heel cushion that is too stiff, or a prosthetic foot in excessive dorsiflexion?
    a. Excessive knee flexion
    b. Insufficient knee flexion
    c. Excessive knee extension
    d. Insufficient knee extension

Answer 20

a. Excessive knee flexion

Question 21

21. In terms of gait analysis for the transtibial amputee, which is the cause of high pressure against the patella throughout most of the stance phase as well as the heel being off the floor when standing?

a. Foot too far posterior
b. Foot too dorsiflexed
c. Foot too plantarflexed
d. Foot too far anterior

Answer 21

c. Foot too plantarflexed

C: Result to high pressure in patella

Question 22

22. Which of the following is not a cause for a circumducted gait in a transfemoral amputee with a prosthesis?

a. Prosthesis is too long
b. Inadequate suspension
c. Abduction contracture of the residual limb
d. Too much adduction built into the prosthesis

Answer 22

d. Too much adduction built into the prosthesis

Question 23

23. The surgical removal of the entire lower limb plus all or a major portion of the ilium is known as what type of amputation?

a. Hemipelvectomy
b. Hip disarticulation
c. Boyd amputation
d. Pirogoff amputation

Answer 23

a. Hemipelvectomy

Question 24

and walk on the end of the residual limb without wearing a prosthesis for short household distances?
a. Long transtibial
b. Syme’s
c. Short transtibial
d. Hemicorporectomy

Answer 24

b. Syme’s

Syme: Uncle Sam (ankle disarticulation)
Can walk in short distances without prosthesis

Question 25

25. What is the most common congenital upper extremity limb deficiency? a. Transradial b. Transhumeral c. Absence of ulna d. Absence of carpal, metacarpals phalanges

Answer 25

a. Transradial

Question 26

26. What is the leading cause of acquired amputation in the upper extremity? a. Cancer b. Diabetes c. Trauma d. Burns

Answer 26

c. Trauma

Question 27

27. What is the definition of a prosthesis? a. An external device applied to intact body parts to provide support b. A brace c. An artificial substitute for a missing body part d. A device used to assist balance

Answer 27

c. An artificial substitute for a missing body part

Question 28

28. Lateral trunk bending during stance in an above knee amputee wearing a prosthesis is due to the following: a. low lateral wall b. short prosthesis c. high medial wall d. All of the above

Answer 28

d. All of the above

Question 29

29. Below-elbow (BE) prosthesis contains which of the following, EXCEPT: a. a terminal device (TD) b. wrist and forearm socket c. elbow and arm socket d. harness system

Answer 29

c. elbow and arm socket C is AE prosthesis

Question 30

30. A control cable or system used for an upper limb prosthesis which is aided with a single-control system? a. Fair-Lead b. Bowden c. Myo-electric d. None of the choices

Answer 30

b. Bowden Single si Bowden (aw)

Question 31

31. What are the causes of an insufficient heel rise in an above-knee prosthesis: I. Manual knee lock II. Excessive knee friction III. Too tight an extension aid IV. Insufficient knee friction a. I and III b. I, III and IV c. I, II and III d. I, II, III and IV

Answer 31

c. I, II and III Insufficient knee friction = excessive heel rise

Question 32

32. A possible cause for an abducted gait deviation includes: a. Prosthesis too long b. Socket too tight c. High medial wall d. A and C e. All of the above

Answer 32

d. A and C

Question 33

33. For a transtibial amputee, insufficient knee flexion during stance may be caused by any of the following. Which one may NOT be a cause? a. Excessive dorsiflexion at the prosthetic ankle b. Excessive plantarflexion at the prosthetic ankle c. Socket discomfort d. Poor hip and knee control

Answer 33

a. Excessive dorsiflexion at the prosthetic ankle

Question 34

34. Age of prosthesis fitting for a BK prosthesis in a child: a. 3-6 months b. 8-10 months c. 2 years old d. 3 years old

Answer 34

b. 8-10 months

Question 35

35. The greatest socket pressure in the above knee amputee is felt over the . a. Popliteal fossa b. Anterior superior iliac spine c. Patellar tendon d. Ischial tuberosity

Answer 35

d. Ischial tuberosity Usually ang pressure ay nasa posterior wall

Question 36

36. The most functional terminal device for an UE prosthesis? a. Voluntary closing b. Voluntary opening c. Cosmetic hand d. Myo-electric hand

Answer 36

b. Voluntary opening

Question 37

37. The time for upper limb prosthetic fitting for successful prosthetic restoration: a. 8-12 months b. 1-3 months c. 2-3 weeks d. 4-6 months

Answer 37

d. 4-6 months Above/ below elbow is 3-6 months

Question 38

38. The energy expenditure of single BK amputee: a. 65% above normal b. 75% above normal c. 10% above normal d. 41% above normal

Answer 38

c. 10% above normal

Question 39

39. A patient with a transtibial prosthesis describes right knee buckling in the foot flat (loading response) stance phase of gait. Which of the following conditions in the patient is MOST likely present to cause this problem? a. Excessive plantar flexion b. Stiff heel cushion c. Low shoe heel d. Excessive foot inset

Answer 39

b. Stiff heel cushion B will result to excessive knee flexion

Question 40

40. In an above-knee prosthesis biomechanics, the initial socket adduction is: a. 5 degrees b. 6 degrees c. 7 degrees d. 8 degrees

Answer 40

c. 7 degrees

Question 41

41. A therapist is performing a prosthetic checkout on patient with transfemoral amputation. The prosthesis has been fitted with a quadrilateral socket. A checkout of the walls of the socket should reveal that the: a. Height of the posterior wall is 2 inches less than all the other walls b. Anterior & lateral walls are 2 ½ inches higher than the posterior & medial walls c. Medial wall is 2 ½ inches higher than the posterior wall while the anterior & lateral walls at the same height d. Posterior & lateral walls are 2 inches higher than the medial & anterior walls

Answer 41

b. Anterior & lateral walls are 2 ½ inches higher than the posterior & medial walls

Question 42

42. What is the possible cause of foot slap on a patient using prosthesis for walking? a. Not enough resistance on PF bumper b. Insufficient extension aid c. Not enough resistance on heel cushion d. Insufficient friction

Answer 42

a. Not enough resistance on PF bumper

Question 43

43. When examining a patient with a new AK prosthesis, you notice that the heel on the involved foot moves medially at toe-off. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this deviation? a. The prosthesis is too long b. Excessive IR of the prosthetic knee c. The prosthesis is too short d. Excessive ER of the prosthetic knee

Answer 43

d. Excessive ER of the prosthetic knee

Question 44

44. Redness on the inferior aspect of the patella upon removal of a patellar-tendon-bearing prosthesis indicates that the residual limb: a. Is not far enough into the prosthesis, & fewer socks should be worn b. Has slipped too far into the prosthesis, & additional socks should be worn c. Has slipped too far into the prosthesis, & fewer socks should be worn d. Is not far enough into the prosthesis, & additional socks should be worn

Answer 44

b. Has slipped too far into the prosthesis, & additional socks should be worn Pwedeng nag shrink na masyado yung residual limb sa socket

Question 45

45. A hip hiking gait pattern in an above-knee amputee is most likely caused by: a. short prosthesis b. long prosthesis c. a suspension belt that is too tight d. an externally rotated knee joint

Answer 45

b. long prosthesis

Question 46

46. A type of upper limb prosthetic socket used for very short below-elbow amputation and with limitation of elbow flexion: a. Standard socket b. Single-walled socket c. Munster socket d. Split-socket with step-up hinge

Answer 46

d. Split-socket with step-up hinge

Question 47

47. Age of prosthetic fitting: active terminal device for pediatric amputation? a. 2 years old b. 3 years old c. 4 years old d. 5 years old

Answer 47

a. 2 years old

Question 47

48. It is a type of harness used for upper limb prosthetics intended for patient who performs heavy lifting? a. O-ring harness b. Figure-of-8 harness c. Chest strap d. Modified shoulder saddle harness

Answer 47

d. Modified shoulder saddle harness

Question 48

49. You are performing a gait assessment on a patient using a patellar-tendon bearing prosthesis, and you observe excessive knee flexion in early stance of the involved side. The most likely reason for this is: a. The socket is aligned too far posteriorly b. The socket is aligned too far forward or tilted anteriorly c. The foot component is outset too much d. The foot component is inset too much

Answer 48

b. The socket is aligned too far forward or tilted anteriorly If the socket is tilted too much anteriorly, it will result to excessive knee flexion

Question 49

50. or a transfemoral amputee who ambulates with circumduction of the prosthesis during swing, one may think of causes and this may include which of the following? a. Inadequate suspension b. Prosthesis too short c. Weak hip flexors d. Weak hip abductors

Answer 49

a. Inadequate suspension