digestive system Flashcards

Question

pyloric sphincter

Answer 1

allows food to be released into the small intestine

Answer 2

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Answer 3

-mechanical digestion begins - The jaw muscles contract causing teeth to cut, tear and grind food -The incisors cut food, the canine tear food, the premolars and molars grind food -Saliva produced in the salivary gland moistens food and adds enzyme amylase 🡪 breaks down starch to maltose

Answer 4

helps to form the food and saliva into a bolus which is then swallowed and enters the esophagus

Answer 5

-The large area at the back of the mouth -Passageway from mouth to esophagus -Also a common passageway of the food and air

Answer 6

-Hollow tube lined with mucus-secreting cells called mucosa -Lined with involuntary smooth muscles -Moves food along by rhythmic wave-like contractions called peristalsis -Esophagus connects the pharynx and stomach

Answer 7

- The food enters the stomach by the cardiac sphincter, which helps to keep food in the stomach - Mechanical digestion takes place ->churn the food - The mucosa cells of the stomach secrete enzymes, mucus and HCl􏰀 forming the gastric juice • In presence of HCl, enzyme pepsinogen (inactive) is converted to pepsin (active). • Pepsin is the enzyme that aids in the breakdown of proteins • The food + gastric juice = chyme • The pyloric sphincter allows food to be released into the small intestin

Answer 8

- Duodenum produces enzymes like peptidase 􏰀 break peptides into amino acids; - disaccharidases - break down disaccharides into monosaccharides

Answer 9

- Absorption of small molecules occurs

Answer 10

- Absorption occurs by diffusion and active transport

Answer 11

- Absorption of water occurs here •Prepares wastes for elimination •Anaerobic bacteria in colon produces vitamins (folic acid, various B vitamins & vitamin K) that gets absorbed into the bloodstream

Answer 12

- Storage of solid indigestible waste

Answer 13

- Converts glucose into glycogen and stores it • Produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder • Bile contains bile salts which can emulsify lipids/fats. • Release of bile salts is triggered by presence of fats in the duodenum

Answer 14

- Produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder • Bile contains bile salts which can emulsify lipids/fats. • Release of bile salts is triggered by presence of fats in the duodenum

Answer 15

- Sac-like organ that produces pancreatic juice secreted into the duodenum -

digestive system Flashcards

(42 cards)