respiratory

Question 1

what are the two muscles that push down when you inhale

Answer 1

intercostal muscles and diaphram

Question 2

nasal cavity

Answer 2

air enters through nostrils and into cavity, cilia lines nostrils to catch debris, mucus lines, air gets warmed and moistened

Question 3

pharynx

Answer 3

allows air to enter the esophagus and trachea

Question 4

larynx

Answer 4

area of the throat containing the vocal cords and used for breathing, swallowing and talking

Question 5

trachea

Answer 5

• supported by cartilage rings to keep it open
• mucus and cilia help to trap and sweep debris back to pharynx

Question 6

right and left lung

Answer 6

• brings oxygen into our bodies and excretes oxygen (inspiration and exhilation)
• surrounded by ribcage, intercostal muscles, diaphragm

Question 7

bronchus

Answer 7

carries air into the right and left lungs

Question 8

bronchiole

Answer 8

deliver air to diffuse network of around 300 million alveoli; become smaller and smaller

Question 9

alveoli

Answer 9

• 0.1–0.2 micrometres in diameter, surrounded by capillaries
• lipoprotein called surfactant prevents alveoli from sticking together

Question 10

pleura

Answer 10

acts as a double layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and the lungs

Question 11

intercostal muscles

Answer 11

contract and relax, causing the ribcage to move up and down

Question 12

diaphragm

Answer 12

• dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates organs of thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
• when it contracts, it moves downward
• when it relaxes, it moves upward

Question 13

heart

Answer 13

supports the respiratory system by bringing blood to and from the lungs

Question 14

inspiration

Answer 14

when the air pressure in the lungs is less that the atmospheric pressure

Question 15

expiration

Answer 15

when the air pressure in the lungs is greater than the atmospheric pressure

Question 16

gas exchange

Answer 16

• breathe in O2 into the alveoli (rich in oxygen)
• O2 diffuses from alveoli into capillaries to be transported in the blood to our tissues
• O2 has higher concentrations as a gas which allows it to diffuse through walls; CO2 has higer concentration in blood which allows it to diffuse
• at the same time, CO2 is being dropped off at the alveoli from the blood in the capillaries
• CO2 is exhaled

Question 17

oxygen- process- external environment to alveoli and to the cells

Answer 17

nostrils, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli, capillaries and to the tissues then the waste (CO2) diffuses and gets exhaled

Question 18

spirometer

Answer 18

measures the volume of air that is inhaled & exhaled over a period of time

Question 19

tidal volume

Answer 19

volume f air that is inhaled and exhaled in a normal breathing movement when body is at rest

Question 20

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 20

is an additional volume of air that can be taken into lungs beyond normal inhilation

Question 21

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 21

is additional volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs beyond normal exhilation

Question 22

vital capacity

Answer 22

the volume of air that can be moved into or out of lungs

VC= TV+ IRV+ ERV

Question 23

residual volume

Answer 23

the vlume of air that remains in the lungs after the complete exhalation; never leaves respiratory system

Question 24

total lung volume

Answer 24

the maximum volume of air that can be contained in the lungs. 6L in adults

Question 25

is it better to breath through your mouth or nose in cold air

Answer 25

nose; nasal cavity acts as a humidifier and provides warmth for the oxygen; tiny blood vessels that warm the air; through you mouth will cause hearts cornary arteries to narrow

Question 26

what do you do when a person has a collapsed lung?

Answer 26

a needle will be used to release the pent up air in the lung. as the air pressure decreases, lung re-expands; insert tube into fourth or fifth intercostal space

Question 27

how does smoking affect the respiratory system?

Answer 27

swelling of airways, reduces the elasticity of lung tissue, and damages the alveoli where O2 and CO2 exchange occur