AP2 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

The digestive tract is also called the …………………………….

A

Alimentary Canal

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2
Q

Know the order of structures that food passes through (Including parts of each structure):
Oral Cavity→Oropharynx→Laryngopharynx→Esophagus→Stomach→Duodenum→Jejunum→……….

Think the flow of the GI TRACT

A

Ileum→Cecum→Ascending Colon→
Transverse Colon→Descending Colon→
Sigmoid Colon→Rectum

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3
Q

List/identify Functions of Digestive System.

A
  • Ingestion
  • Mechanical Digestion
  • Chemical Digestion
  • Secretion
  • Absorption
  • Excretion
  • Protection:)
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4
Q
  • Ingestion:…………..
A

Taking food in (EATING)

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5
Q
  • Mechanical Digestion: …………………. breakdown of food into smaller pieces + Increase SA.
    “CHEW”
A

Physical breakdown of food

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6
Q
  • Chemical Digestion: Breakdown of …………… food molecules into small absorbable nutrient molecules
    (Break chemical bonds via Hydrolysis reactions)
A

Breakdown of LARGE food molecules.

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7
Q
  • Secretion: Release .…………………… into GI Tract/Alimentary Canal to
    help w/ digestion.
A

Release substances/USEFUL things

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8
Q
  • Absorption:………………………
A

Moving nutrients, water, vitamins, etc from GI tract into body.

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9
Q
  • Excretion: Putting waste into ……………
    OR
    Removing waste from body
    (.…………………of feces)
A

Putting waste into Bile
OR
Removing waste from body
(Defecation of feces)

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10
Q

Protection:…………… + …………… reflexes protect body from pathogens/toxins that may be ingested.

A

Vomiting + Diarrhea reflexes

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11
Q

Mechanical processing in Oral Cavity is called what?

A

Mastication

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12
Q

Name the 3 pairs of Salivary Glands:

A
  • Parotid Glands
  • Sublingual Glands
  • Submandibular Glands
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13
Q

What 2 enzymes are in saliva?
(What do they digest)
,Where do they work?

A
  • Salivary Amylase
    (Digest Carbs), in mouth.
  • Lingual Lipase
    (Digest Lipids), in stomach
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14
Q

Esophageal glands produce what type of secretions?
Why?

A

Mucous

Why? To lubricate esophagus, decreases friction.

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15
Q

How is food moved down the esophagus?

Think “Toothpaste wave-bottom to top”

A

Peristalsis

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16
Q

Peristalsis: …………………. that propels/move bolus of food down ………………..

A

Wave-like movement that propels/moves boulus of food down Esophagus.

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17
Q

LES: ………………..

Another name is
(Cardiac Sphincter)

A

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

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18
Q

What is the function of Lower Esophageal Sphincter?

A

Prevents stomach acid from going up (GERD)

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19
Q

The semiliquid substance produced in stomach is called …………….

A

Chyme

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20
Q

Know the cells in the gastric glands
-What they produce
(Function of their product)

A
  • G-cells-Gastrin
  • Parietal Cells-Intrinsic Factor
  • Chief Cells-Pepsinogen
  • Mucous Cells-Mucous
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21
Q

Gastrin stimulates ……………………

A
  • stimulates gastric secretion (HCl)
  • Relaxation of pyloric sphincter+Ileocecal Valve
  • Intestinal Motility/movement
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22
Q

Intrinsic Factor stimulates ……………………

A

Stimulates
* Vit.B12 Absorption in Small Intestine
* HCI (release H+ and Cl- separately)

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23
Q

Chief Cells stimulates ………………………………………

Study These Flashcards
A

stimulates
* converts Inactive pro-enzyme Pepsinogen⇒Pepsin (active)
Pepsin (Digest proteins)

  • Gastric Lipase (Digest Lipids)
24
Q

Mucous Cells stimulate
…………. + ………….

Study These Flashcards
A

Stimulate
Lubrication + Protection

25
know how HCI + Pepsin enter the lumen of the stomach: -HCI is secreted as **...............** and **..................** ions (released separtely) -Pepsin is secreted as inactive proenzyme **.......................** (Activated in lumen due to **.............**)
-HCI is secreted as **H+** and **CI-** ions, release separately. -Pepsin is secreted as inactive proenzyme **Pepsinogen** (Activated in lumen due to **acidity**)
26
Overall, what **nutrients** get digested in the stomach?
**Proteins + Lipids** gets digested in the stomach.
27
The "mixing bowl" that recieves CHYME from stomach and secretions from Liver + Pancreas is the **......................**
**Duodenum**
28
**Most chemical digestion + nutrient absorption** occur, in what **part** of Digestive Tract?
**Jejunum**
29
Villi are: **..............................** Their function is to: **.......... ...............** of small intestine.
**Finger-like projections of Mucosa in small intestine**. Their function is to: **↑ Surface Area**
30
Microvilli are: **.............** projections of plasma membrane of cells. * Their function is to: **......... ...............**
**TINY** projections of plasma membrane of cells in small intestine. * Their function is to: **↑ Surface Area**
31
A Lacteal is a **..................** capillary. * Important in absorption of fats and **........... ................** vitamins. Such as: **.......... , .......... , ........... , ........**
Lymphatic capillary * Important in absorption of fats and **fat soluble** vitamins. Such as: **A, D, E , K**
32
Brunner Glands are **...............** Glands in Duodenum. * What is **major purpose** of their secretion? | for major purpose: Think what "acidic car"
**Mucous** Glands * **Secrete an Alkaline Mucous to PROTECT Duodenum from ACIDIC CHYME.**
33
What are **brush border enzymes**? * **Where** are they? -What do they do?
**Integral Membrane Proteins** * Located on **Microvilli** , on surface of absorptive cells (brush border) -Digest materials in contact w/ brush border. -Digest materials in lumen after the cells shed.
34
When food enters the Duodenum, CCK + Secretin stimulate secretions from Pancreas and Gallbladder. * They also INHIBIT Gastrin and cause **..................** contraction
They also INHIBIT Gastrin and cause **Pyloric Sphincter** contraction.
35
* CCK stimulates: **..................** contraction + relaxation of the **......................** Sphincter. -so bile is released into the Duodenum. * Secretin stimulates: secretions from the **.................**
* CCK stimulates the release of bile by **Gallbladder contraction** +Relaxation of **Hepatopancreatic Sphincter** * Secretin stimulates: Secretions from the **Pancreas** (Bicarbonation)
36
CCK stimulates: **.................** Contraction + Relaxation of **...........................** Sphincter. (Releases bile into Duodenum)
**Gallbladder** Contraction+Relaxation of **Hepatopancreatic** Sphincter
37
Secretin stimulates: Production of bile +secretes **............** from pancreas. (Secretion from pancreas)
stimulates: secretes **Bicarbonate** from Pancreas.
38
Which **class of enzymes** get secreted as **inactive** proenzymes?
**Proteolytic Enzymes**
39
Pancreatic Juice is **made** by what cells?
**Acinar Cells**
40
Know the **type of food** each Pancreatic Enzymes **break down**:
* Lipase-**Lipids** * Amylase-**Carbs** * Protease/Proteolytic Enzymes-**Proteins** * Ribonuclease- **RNA** * Deoxyribonuclease-**DNA**
41
Pancreatic Juice has what carbonates to do what?
Bicarbonates, **NEUTRALIZE Acidic Chyme.**
42
What digestive organ **produces** Bile?
**Liver**
43
What is the **function** of Gallbladder?
**Store + Concentrate Bile, then secrete into Duodenum.**
44
How do Bile Salts AID in digestion?
* **Bile Salts break lipid drops into smaller drops (Emulsification)** * **Provide ↑ Surface Area for digestive enzymes**.
45
Most Monosaccharides(Glucose) + AA are absorbed from GI Tract by **..............** transporters.
**Sodium** transporters.
46
FA diffuse through the cell membrane of absorptive cells + are eventually PACKAGED into **....................** (along w/ fat soluble vitamins, steroids, and other lipids.)
Eventually PACKAGED into **Chylomicrons**.
47
Water is absorbed passively via **.......................**
**Osmotic Gradient**
48
The wall of the Large Intestine has NO Villi + is dominated by **....................** Glands.
Dominated by **Mucous** Glands.
49
Large Intestine does NOT produce **..............** for digestion. | AIDs IN DIGESTING FOOD, LIL SCRUB BRUSHES
Does NOT produce **enzymes** for digestion.
50
Instead of using enzymes to break down food in Large Intestine, **what does it actually use?**
Instead, **Bacteria** breakdown food in the Large Intestine.
51
The longitudinal layer of muscle in the Large Intestine is reduced to **thin bands** called **................. .........** | Looks like "Grey line in middle"
**Taeniae Coli**
52
Name **3 Vitamins** that are produced in the Large Intestine: | k,b5,biotin
* **Vit.K** * **Vit.B5** * **Biotin**
53
Most water reabsorption from GI Tract occurs in the**..........................** from the Cecum to Transverse Colon.
Occurs in the **Large Intestine** from the Cecum to Transverse Colon.
54
What would the **result** be if stool were moved from the Cecum to Transverse Colon **TOO QUICKLY**? * Due to: **↓ ..........................** | water caca
Result: **Watery Stool** * Due to: **↓ Water Reabsorption**
55
**............... ..................** : **"Segmentation"** movement that mixes material in GI Tract. | Haustra up down up down down up/mixes
**Haustra Churning**
56
**............ .............**. : **Powerful** Peristaltic Contraction that move fecal material from Transverse Colon towards Rectum.
**Mass Movements**
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