Digestive System

Question 1

What is amylase?

Answer 1

Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into sugar (monosaccharido)

Question 2

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 2

Pancreas and salivary glands in some species

Question 3

What is lipase?

Answer 3

Enzyme that breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 4

What is lipase produced?

Answer 4

Pancreas

Question 5

Where is lipase produced and secreted?

Answer 5

Small intestines

Question 6

What is protease?

Answer 6

Enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids

Question 7

What are the 3 main enzymes that digest protein?

Answer 7

Protease
Trypsin
Pepsin

Question 8

Where is protease produced?

Answer 8

Pancreas

Question 9

Where is trypsin produced?

Answer 9

Pancreas

Question 10

Where is pepsin produced?

Answer 10

Stomach

Question 11

What is prehension?

Answer 11

Taking food into mouth

Question 12

What is mastication?

Answer 12

Chewing

Question 13

What is deglutition?

Answer 13

Swallowing food

Question 14

What is papillae?

Answer 14

Pointy parts on the tongue

Question 14

What are the four salivary glands in dogs and cats?

Answer 14

Sub-lingual
Sub-mandibular
Parotid
Zygomatic

Question 15

What species does not have amylase in their salvia?

Answer 15

Cats

Question 16

What are the functions of saliva?

Answer 16

Lubricates food during swallowing
Clean and protects the teeth and gums
Grooming
Provides water for exportation = heat loss

Question 16

What muscle is the soft palate made from?

Answer 16

Skeletal

Question 17

Have many layers does the digestive tract have? What are they?

Answer 17

4
Mucosa, submucosa, smooth muscle and connective tissue

Question 18

How many layers are there in the oesophagus? What are they?

Answer 18

4
Outer layer - connective tissue
Muscle layer - mainly striated muscle and smooth muscle distally
Submucosa layer
Inner layer - straited squamous epithelium

Question 19

What is peristalsis?

Answer 19

Wave like muscular movement controlled by the vagus nerve

Question 20

What is the dorsal part of the stomach?

Answer 20

Fundus

Question 21

What is the distal sphincter of the stomach called?

Answer 21

Pylorus

Question 22

What is rugae?

Answer 22

Folds that line the stomach allowing it to expand and shrink

Question 23

What are gastric juices made up of?

Answer 23

Hydrochloric acid (produced by partial cells) Pepsin (produced by chief cells) Mucous (produced by goblet cells)

Question 24

Where are nutrients absorbed?

Answer 24

Small intestine

Question 25

What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?

Answer 25

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 26

What is the small intestine supported by?

Answer 26

Mesentery

Question 27

What does the pancreas produce?

Answer 27

Insulin and glucagon and bicarbonate and enzymes required for digestion

Question 28

Where is bile produced and stored?

Answer 28

Produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

Question 29

What does bile contain?

Answer 29

Bile acids and salts Fat emulsification Bilirubin - breakdown of red blood cells

Question 30

What are lacteals?

Answer 30

Specialised lymphatic capillaries located in the villi of the small intestine that absorb lipids and fat-soluble vitamins

Question 31

How are glucose and amino acids absorbed?

Answer 31

Into capillaries in the villi and transported around the body by blood stream

Question 32

Where are fatty acids absorbed?

Answer 32

Into the blood stream or into lacteals within the villi and transported via lymphatic system

Question 33

What can the large intestine be divided into?

Answer 33

Caecum Colon

Question 34

True or false: There is no villi or enzymes produced in the large intestine

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What is absorbed in the large intestine?

Answer 35

Water and electrolytes

Question 36

True or false: Rabbits and guinea pigs do not have a standard gut transit time

Answer 36

True

Question 37

True or false: The liver is the largest gland in the body

Answer 37

True

Question 38

How many lobes do cats, dogs and guinea pigs have in their liver?

Answer 38

6

Question 39

How many lobes do rabbits have on their liver?

Answer 39

4

Question 40

What are liver cells called?

Answer 40

Hepatocytes

Question 41

What are the functions of the liver?

Answer 41

Metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Production of bile. Destroys toxins like drugs Manufactures of enzymes. Removal of old red blood cells Storage of vitamins (A, D, E, K and iron) Generates heat to maintain body temperature