What kidney sits lower?
Left
Where are the kidneys located?
Retroperitoneal or dorsal abdomen in sub-lumbar position
What is the renal hilus?
Deep vertical fissure acting as main gateway for renal artery
What transports urine from kidneys to the bladder by peristalsis?
Ureters
What blood vessel supplies and drains the kidneys?
Aorta
What are the layers of the kidney?
Cortex (outer layer)
Medulla
Pelvis (at the renal hilus)
What muscle is ureters made of?
Smooth muscle lined with transitional epithelium
At what part does the bladder expand?
Apex
What is the cranial tip of the bladder called?
Trigone
What is the internal urinary sphincter made of?
Smooth muscle
What is the external urinary sphincter made from?
Skeletal muscle
What does the nephron do?
Filter blood to remove waste and produce urine
What does the glomerulus do?
Small bundle of capillaries forming the filtrate allowing substances to pass through
What substances are filtered in the nephron?
Waste (UREA, Creatinine)
Salts (sodium, bicarbonate, chloride)
Glucose
Amino acids
Water
What substances are absorbed at the proximal convoluted tubules?
Salts
Glucose
Amino acids
Water
Where are drugs excreted in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubules
What is absorbed at loop of henle?
Salts
Water
What is absorbed at the distal convoluted tubules?
Salts
Potassium
Water
What 2 hormones are involved in filtration and where?
Aldosterone (distal convoluted tubules)
Anti-diuretic hormone (collecting ducts)
What organ has affect on blood pressure other than the heart?
Kidneys (slower acting but longer lasting known as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)
What vitamin is activated by kidneys?
Vitamin D
