forensic pathology > DImaio Chapter 8: asphyxia > Flashcards

DImaio Chapter 8: asphyxia Flashcards

(250 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What major categories does Chapter 8 cover?

A

Suffocation, strangulation (hanging, ligature, manual), and chemical asphyxia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Shared final pathway in asphyxia?

A

Insufficient oxygen delivery/utilization → hypoxia ± hypercapnia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Three forms of strangulation?

A

Hanging, ligature, manual.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Three types of mechanical asphyxia?

A

Traumatic, positional, riot‑crush.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Are conjunctival petechiae diagnostic?

A

No—nonspecific; reflect venous congestion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neck dissection principle in strangulation?

A

Layered, blood‑free field; hemorrhage required to call antemortem fracture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are internal neck injuries common in hangings?

A

No—rare.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define positional asphyxia.

A

Impaired breathing due to a body position the person cannot change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define traumatic asphyxia.

A

External chest/upper‑abdominal compression prevents respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is riot‑crush?

A

Human‑pile chest compression in crowds/riots.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Common smothering implements.

A

Pillows/bedding, hands; plastic bags in infants; gags covering mouth and nose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Facial findings with pillow smothering.

A

Often none; face not congested; petechiae uncommon in infants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Key to diagnosing gag smothering.

A

Demonstrate the gag obstructing the airway.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Plastic‑bag suicide—specific autopsy signs?

A

None; diagnosis relies on scene investigation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Plastic‑bag deaths—petechiae present?

A

Rare/absent on face/conjunctivae; visceral petechiae are nonspecific.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Circumoral/nasal pallor on pillow—diagnostic?

A

No—often postmortem pressure artifact.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Two infant accidental smothering contexts.

A

Co‑sleeping overlay; crib entrapment against mattress/frame.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who is vulnerable in gag‑smothering during robberies?

A

Elderly or debilitated victims.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Alcoholic found face‑down—smothering likely?

A

Diagnosis is doubtful; alcoholic coma likely cause.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Smothering quick check 1: Does absence of petechiae exclude smothering?

A

No—scene/obstruction evidence is key.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Smothering quick check 2: Does absence of petechiae exclude smothering?

A

No—scene/obstruction evidence is key.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Smothering quick check 3: Does absence of petechiae exclude smothering?

A

No—scene/obstruction evidence is key.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Smothering quick check 4: Does absence of petechiae exclude smothering?

A

No—scene/obstruction evidence is key.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Smothering quick check 5: Does absence of petechiae exclude smothering?

A

No—scene/obstruction evidence is key.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Smothering quick check 6: Does absence of petechiae exclude smothering?
No—scene/obstruction evidence is key.
26
Smothering quick check 7: Does absence of petechiae exclude smothering?
No—scene/obstruction evidence is key.
27
Smothering quick check 8: Does absence of petechiae exclude smothering?
No—scene/obstruction evidence is key.
28
Smothering quick check 9: Does absence of petechiae exclude smothering?
No—scene/obstruction evidence is key.
29
Smothering quick check 10: Does absence of petechiae exclude smothering?
No—scene/obstruction evidence is key.
30
Smothering quick check 11: Does absence of petechiae exclude smothering?
No—scene/obstruction evidence is key.
31
Smothering quick check 12: Does absence of petechiae exclude smothering?
No—scene/obstruction evidence is key.
32
Smothering quick check 13: Does absence of petechiae exclude smothering?
No—scene/obstruction evidence is key.
33
Smothering quick check 14: Does absence of petechiae exclude smothering?
No—scene/obstruction evidence is key.
34
Smothering quick check 15: Does absence of petechiae exclude smothering?
No—scene/obstruction evidence is key.
35
Define choking.
Obstructed airway—food in adults, objects in children.
36
What is a 'cafe coronary'?
Food impaction causing collapse mimicking myocardial infarction.
37
Two risk factors for food choking.
Alcohol intoxication; poor dentures; also neurologic disease.
38
Homicidal choking example.
Sock/cloth gag rammed into mouth; forced pacifier in infant.
39
Airway lesion after inhalational injury.
Massive laryngeal edema.
40
Choking quick check 1: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
41
Choking quick check 2: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
42
Choking quick check 3: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
43
Choking quick check 4: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
44
Choking quick check 5: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
45
Choking quick check 6: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
46
Choking quick check 7: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
47
Choking quick check 8: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
48
Choking quick check 9: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
49
Choking quick check 10: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
50
Choking quick check 11: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
51
Choking quick check 12: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
52
Choking quick check 13: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
53
Choking quick check 14: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
54
Choking quick check 15: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
55
Choking quick check 16: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
56
Choking quick check 17: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
57
Choking quick check 18: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
58
Choking quick check 19: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
59
Choking quick check 20: Typical choking object in toddlers?
Small toy/balloon or similar object.
60
Traumatic asphyxia—external signs.
Head/neck congestion with florid petechiae; minimal internal trauma possible.
61
Classic traumatic asphyxia scenario.
Jack slips; car falls on person repairing it.
62
Unusual traumatic asphyxia case.
Infant killed by python’s coils tightening on exhalation.
63
Positional asphyxia—common associations.
Alcohol/drug intoxication and entrapment in restricted spaces.
64
Rollover MVCs & positional asphyxia.
Prolonged inversion; expect facial/ocular petechiae.
65
Mechanical quick check 1: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
66
Mechanical quick check 2: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
67
Mechanical quick check 3: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
68
Mechanical quick check 4: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
69
Mechanical quick check 5: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
70
Mechanical quick check 6: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
71
Mechanical quick check 7: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
72
Mechanical quick check 8: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
73
Mechanical quick check 9: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
74
Mechanical quick check 10: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
75
Mechanical quick check 11: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
76
Mechanical quick check 12: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
77
Mechanical quick check 13: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
78
Mechanical quick check 14: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
79
Mechanical quick check 15: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
80
Mechanical quick check 16: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
81
Mechanical quick check 17: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
82
Mechanical quick check 18: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
83
Mechanical quick check 19: 'Human pile' means…
Riot‑crush chest compression.
84
Mechanism of death in most nonjudicial hangings.
Vascular compression of neck vessels; airway obstruction may contribute.
85
Is neck fracture common in nonjudicial hangings?
No—rare; requires degenerative spine + drop.
86
Minimum pressures to occlude neck vessels.
≈4.4 lb jugulars; ≈11 lb carotids.
87
Possible positions for suicidal hanging.
Sitting, kneeling, even lying; head weight suffices.
88
Time to unconsciousness with complete occlusion.
≈5–11 s; half within ~6–6.5 s.
89
Filmed sequence of events in hangings.
LOC ≈13 s; convulsions ≈15 s; posturing ≈19 s; still by ≈4 min.
90
Face in complete suspension.
Often pale; tongue protruding/dried.
91
When is facial congestion/petechiae seen?
More in partial suspensions (vertebral flow continues).
92
Internal neck injury frequency in hangings.
Rare (~9–12% cases).
93
Persistence of ligature marks in decomposition.
Compression limits putrefaction access; furrow persists.
94
Noose handling at scene.
Leave intact; remove without untying; document knot and furrow.
95
Autoerotic asphyxia scene clues.
Male, private setting, self‑rescue device, interposed cloth.
96
Hanging quick check 1: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
97
Hanging quick check 2: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
98
Hanging quick check 3: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
99
Hanging quick check 4: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
100
Hanging quick check 5: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
101
Hanging quick check 6: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
102
Hanging quick check 7: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
103
Hanging quick check 8: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
104
Hanging quick check 9: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
105
Hanging quick check 10: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
106
Hanging quick check 11: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
107
Hanging quick check 12: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
108
Hanging quick check 13: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
109
Hanging quick check 14: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
110
Hanging quick check 15: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
111
Hanging quick check 16: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
112
Hanging quick check 17: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
113
Hanging quick check 18: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
114
Hanging quick check 19: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
115
Hanging quick check 20: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
116
Hanging quick check 21: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
117
Hanging quick check 22: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
118
Hanging quick check 23: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
119
Hanging quick check 24: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
120
Hanging quick check 25: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
121
Hanging quick check 26: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
122
Hanging quick check 27: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
123
Hanging quick check 28: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
124
Hanging quick check 29: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
125
Hanging quick check 30: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
126
Hanging quick check 31: Must the groove be continuous?
No—may be interrupted at knot or grasp point.
127
Key external features of ligature strangulation.
Horizontal groove over larynx/upper trachea; facial congestion with conjunctival petechiae.
128
Petechiae frequency in ligature strangulation.
≈86% of cases.
129
Internal neck injuries—frequency in ligature strangulation.
Uncommon; fractures in ~12.5%, more in males.
130
Ligature mark depends on what?
Material and force; thin cords → deep parchment‑like furrows; soft towels → faint/absent marks.
131
Rare suicidal ligature patterns.
Multiple loops or tourniquet stick; zip‑ties reported.
132
Pseudo‑ligature marks in whom?
Infants (skin folds) and elderly/decomposed.
133
Ligature quick check 1: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
134
Ligature quick check 2: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
135
Ligature quick check 3: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
136
Ligature quick check 4: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
137
Ligature quick check 5: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
138
Ligature quick check 6: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
139
Ligature quick check 7: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
140
Ligature quick check 8: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
141
Ligature quick check 9: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
142
Ligature quick check 10: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
143
Ligature quick check 11: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
144
Ligature quick check 12: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
145
Ligature quick check 13: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
146
Ligature quick check 14: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
147
Ligature quick check 15: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
148
Ligature quick check 16: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
149
Ligature quick check 17: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
150
Ligature quick check 18: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
151
Ligature quick check 19: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
152
Ligature quick check 20: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
153
Ligature quick check 21: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
154
Ligature quick check 22: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
155
Ligature quick check 23: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
156
Ligature quick check 24: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
157
Ligature quick check 25: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
158
Ligature quick check 26: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
159
Ligature quick check 27: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
160
Ligature quick check 28: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
161
Ligature quick check 29: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
162
Ligature quick check 30: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
163
Ligature quick check 31: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
164
Ligature quick check 32: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
165
Ligature quick check 33: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
166
Ligature quick check 34: Are neck abrasions/contusions required?
No—often absent unless twisting/clawing occurs.
167
Typical manual strangulation findings.
Neck abrasions/contusions/fingernail marks; congested/cyanotic face with petechiae.
168
Where are petechiae most noticeable?
Bulbar conjunctivae, conj. sac, eyelids, brows, nose bridge, cheeks.
169
Do hyoid/thyroid fractures prove cause of death?
No—markers only; death from compression.
170
What proves antemortem fracture?
Gross hemorrhage at fracture site (not just microscopic).
171
Effect of age on neck‑structure fractures.
Fractures increase with age as cartilages calcify.
172
Fracture incidence in a series of manual strangulations.
≈68% overall; ~100% males; ~52% females.
173
Structures fractured most often.
Hyoid (unilateral>bilateral) and superior horns of thyroid cartilage.
174
Thumb vs finger marks.
Fingers → linear abrasions/contusions; thumb → pad contusions.
175
Manual strangulation quick check 1: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
176
Manual strangulation quick check 2: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
177
Manual strangulation quick check 3: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
178
Manual strangulation quick check 4: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
179
Manual strangulation quick check 5: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
180
Manual strangulation quick check 6: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
181
Manual strangulation quick check 7: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
182
Manual strangulation quick check 8: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
183
Manual strangulation quick check 9: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
184
Manual strangulation quick check 10: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
185
Manual strangulation quick check 11: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
186
Manual strangulation quick check 12: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
187
Manual strangulation quick check 13: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
188
Manual strangulation quick check 14: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
189
Manual strangulation quick check 15: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
190
Manual strangulation quick check 16: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
191
Manual strangulation quick check 17: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
192
Manual strangulation quick check 18: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
193
Manual strangulation quick check 19: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
194
Manual strangulation quick check 20: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
195
Manual strangulation quick check 21: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
196
Manual strangulation quick check 22: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
197
Manual strangulation quick check 23: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
198
Manual strangulation quick check 24: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
199
Manual strangulation quick check 25: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
200
Manual strangulation quick check 26: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
201
Manual strangulation quick check 27: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
202
Manual strangulation quick check 28: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
203
Manual strangulation quick check 29: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
204
Manual strangulation quick check 30: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
205
Manual strangulation quick check 31: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
206
Manual strangulation quick check 32: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
207
Manual strangulation quick check 33: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
208
Manual strangulation quick check 34: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
209
Manual strangulation quick check 35: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
210
Manual strangulation quick check 36: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
211
Manual strangulation quick check 37: Are petechiae required for diagnosis?
No—evaluate scene and internal hemorrhage.
212
Choke (bar‑arm) hold action.
Forearm across anterior neck collapses airway and compresses carotids; LOC if maintained.
213
Carotid sleeper hold action.
Crook of arm compresses carotids/jugulars without tracheal collapse; LOC in ~10–15 s; recovery on release.
214
Neck hold quick check 1: Do these holds require tracheal collapse?
No—carotid occlusion can be sufficient.
215
Neck hold quick check 2: Do these holds require tracheal collapse?
No—carotid occlusion can be sufficient.
216
Neck hold quick check 3: Do these holds require tracheal collapse?
No—carotid occlusion can be sufficient.
217
Neck hold quick check 4: Do these holds require tracheal collapse?
No—carotid occlusion can be sufficient.
218
Neck hold quick check 5: Do these holds require tracheal collapse?
No—carotid occlusion can be sufficient.
219
Neck hold quick check 6: Do these holds require tracheal collapse?
No—carotid occlusion can be sufficient.
220
Neck hold quick check 7: Do these holds require tracheal collapse?
No—carotid occlusion can be sufficient.
221
Physiologic basis of conjunctival petechiae.
Venous congestion with incomplete arterial occlusion.
222
One nonasphyxial cause of conjunctival petechiae.
Severe vomiting or coughing.
223
Can postmortem petechiae develop?
Yes—postmortem petechiae/Tardieu spots in dependent areas with lividity.
224
Petechiae quick check 1: Are petechiae alone diagnostic of strangulation?
No—must be contextualized with other evidence.
225
Petechiae quick check 2: Are petechiae alone diagnostic of strangulation?
No—must be contextualized with other evidence.
226
Petechiae quick check 3: Are petechiae alone diagnostic of strangulation?
No—must be contextualized with other evidence.
227
Petechiae quick check 4: Are petechiae alone diagnostic of strangulation?
No—must be contextualized with other evidence.
228
Petechiae quick check 5: Are petechiae alone diagnostic of strangulation?
No—must be contextualized with other evidence.
229
Petechiae quick check 6: Are petechiae alone diagnostic of strangulation?
No—must be contextualized with other evidence.
230
Common CO suicide scene.
Vehicle/garage with hose from exhaust into compartment.
231
Scene clue to CO accident.
Multiple victims at home/car from defective heater/exhaust leak.
232
Why COHb may be low/negative in fatal CO.
Exposure stopped post‑coma; CO eliminated before death.
233
COHb stability in storage.
Stable up to ~2 years in sealed refrigerated tubes.
234
Cyanide mechanism.
Inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase → cellular hypoxia, lactic acidosis.
235
Cyanide antidote noted.
Hydroxocobalamin combining with cyanide to form cyanocobalamin.
236
Chemical quick check 1: Multiple people dead/comatose without trauma—first suspect?
Carbon monoxide.
237
Chemical quick check 2: Multiple people dead/comatose without trauma—first suspect?
Carbon monoxide.
238
Chemical quick check 3: Multiple people dead/comatose without trauma—first suspect?
Carbon monoxide.
239
Chemical quick check 4: Multiple people dead/comatose without trauma—first suspect?
Carbon monoxide.
240
Chemical quick check 5: Multiple people dead/comatose without trauma—first suspect?
Carbon monoxide.
241
Chemical quick check 6: Multiple people dead/comatose without trauma—first suspect?
Carbon monoxide.
242
Chemical quick check 7: Multiple people dead/comatose without trauma—first suspect?
Carbon monoxide.
243
Chemical quick check 8: Multiple people dead/comatose without trauma—first suspect?
Carbon monoxide.
244
Chemical quick check 9: Multiple people dead/comatose without trauma—first suspect?
Carbon monoxide.
245
Chemical quick check 10: Multiple people dead/comatose without trauma—first suspect?
Carbon monoxide.
246
Chemical quick check 11: Multiple people dead/comatose without trauma—first suspect?
Carbon monoxide.
247
Chemical quick check 12: Multiple people dead/comatose without trauma—first suspect?
Carbon monoxide.
248
Chemical quick check 13: Multiple people dead/comatose without trauma—first suspect?
Carbon monoxide.
249
Chemical quick check 14: Multiple people dead/comatose without trauma—first suspect?
Carbon monoxide.
250
Hanging documentation—what key furrow descriptors should be recorded?
Direction (oblique/horizontal), continuity, color, depth/width, imprint pattern, anatomic landmarks and knot position.
forensic pathology
flashcards
Decks in class (24)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions