Parasitology > Diptera > Flashcards

Diptera Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

General characteristics

A

True flies

  • 2 winged
  • balancing halteres
  • complex metamorphosis
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2
Q

Importance of diptera

A

Larvae of some species cause myiasis (larval infestation)

- adults of others are blood suckers

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3
Q

What determines if the larvae or adults are parasitic?

A

Mouthparts

  • lapping: adults not parasitic
  • piercing: adults are parasitic, role in disease transmission
  • combo: horsefly
  • nonfunctional: larvae are parasitic
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4
Q

Brachycera

A
  • myiasis flies (bot, blow, fesh, muscid)
  • stable flies
  • horn flies
  • keds
  • horse and deer flies
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5
Q

Nematocera

A
  • mosquitoes
  • biting midges
  • black flies
  • sand flies
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6
Q

Brachycera breed in _______

A

Decaying material

  • 3 larval instars
  • morphology of spiracles
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7
Q

Myiasis

A

Parasitism by fly larvae

  • may be living or necrotic tissue
  • obligate, facultative, accidental
  • GI and cutaneous are common sites (also have urogenital, ocular)
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8
Q

Oestridae

A

Bot flies

  • highly host specific
  • adults non-parasitic
  • aberrant hosts
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9
Q

Gasterophilinae

A

Horse bots

  • G. intestinalis (most common)
  • G. nasalis
  • G. hemorrhoidali (least common)
  • hatching induced by environmental cues, larvae migrate to specific host location
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10
Q

Gasterophilus intestinalis

A
  • eggs: legs, shoulders
  • LI: tongue epithelium, tooth pockets
  • L2: tooth pockets, stomach wall
  • L3: nonglandular portion of stomach
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11
Q

Gasterophilus nasalis

A
  • eggs: intermandibular region

- L3: pylorus and duodenum

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12
Q

Hasterophilus haemorrhoidalis

A
  • eggs: lips

- L3: duodenum and rectum

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13
Q

Can you find L3 stages of horse bots in the stool?

A

No!

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14
Q

Oestrus ovis

A

Sheep bots

  • subclinical infestation
  • fly will deposit first larval stage, not the egg! on the nose of the sheep
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15
Q

Cuterebra

A

Rodent and squirrel bots

  • also infest rabbits, dogs, cats, etc
  • adults lay eggs in host habitat, larvae get onto host fur and enter natural openings, migrate to subq locations
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16
Q

Hypoderma

A

Cattle bots

  • timing of treatment is critical: toxins from dead/dying larvae cause adverse rxns
  • treat immediately after fly activity stops, NOT in winter!
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17
Q

Hypoderma lineatum vs hypoterma bovis

A 
H. lineatum
- eggs in rows on legs
- LI: esophagus
- L2/L3: SQ tissue on back
- late spring/early summer
H. bovis
- eggs: singly on legs
- L1: spinal cord
- L2?L3: SQ tissue on back
- late summer
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18
Q

Calliphoridae

A

Blow flies

  • adults have a metallic color!!
  • lay eggs/larvae in tissue
  • faultative parasites (mostly)
  • -> live tissue (obligatory, primary myiasis)
  • -> dead tissue (facultative) secondary myiasis
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19
Q

Screwworms

A

Primary: Cochilomyia hominivorax (reportable!)
–> eggs immediately infect host, even with intact skin
Secondary: Chocliomyia macellaria
–> more common in US, will land on necrotic tissue

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20
Q

Sarcophagidae

A

Flesh flies

  • larger than house flies
  • eggs laid in carrion, feces, wounds
  • cause facultative myiasis
  • useful in forensic entomology
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21
Q

Muscidae

A

Musca domestica: house fly

  • adults are nuisance
  • pathogen transmission via mechanical (bacteria) or biological (nematodes)
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22
Q

Musca autumnalis

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A

Face fly

  • cattle, horses
  • feed on ocular, nasal discharge
  • pathogen transmission
  • -> nematode Thelazia
  • larvae rarely associated with cutaneous myiasis
23
Q

Cutaneous myiasis

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A

Larval infestation from blow flies, flesh flies, rarely muscid flies

  • foul smelling, depressed or restless, decreased weight gain
  • severe infestations are fatal
24
Q

Muscidae are muscid flies that are _______ as adults

Study These Flashcards
A

Blood feeders!

- both male and female are blood feeder

25
Stomoxys vs Haematobia
``` Stomoxy (stable flies) - quick feeder, house fly with proboscis - nuisance, decrease ADG - breed in manure w/feed Haematobia (horn flies) - slow feeder - house fly - less ADG - breed in manure only ```
26
Stomoxys calcitrans
Non-myiasis muscid fly - dairy cattle, dogs, horses, humans - biological vector for nematode and other pathogens
27
Haematobia irritans
Non-myiasis muscid fly - beef cattle, horses - biological vector for nematode
28
Control for muscidae
- sanitation - regular spraying of premises - fly baits, resin, strips, ear tags, UV traps
29
Keds
Hoppoboscidae (louse flies) - non host specific - dorsoventrally flattened - piercing/sucking mouthparts - larvae stay in female abdomen until ready to pupate
30
Melophagus ovinus
Transfer via direct contact - entire life cycle on host - Trypanosoma melophagium (sheep is a reservoir)
31
Lipoptena cervi
Wings break off (resemble lice)
32
Tabanidae
Horseflies and deerflies - stout-bodied, vary in size - only adult females require blood meal - eggs glued to vegetation overhanging water --> L3 carnivorous
33
Greenheads
Tabanus spp. (horse flies)
34
Chrysops
Deer flies - larger than house fly - banded wings - larvae feed on organic matter is soil
35
Nematocera
Delicate flies - segmented antennae - semi-aquatic to aquatic breeding sites - only adult females are blood feeders! - serve as vectors
36
Culicidae
Mosquitoes - long antennae - eggs laid on soil or water - -> 4 larval instars, pupae require water, are motile
37
Veterinary importance of mosquitoes
``` Direct disease - nuisance, allergies - blood loss Indirect disease: vectors - nematodes, protozans, viruses Medical importance: #1 vector of human importance ```
38
What do mosquitoes feed upon
Nearly any animal that is not aquatic - serve as food for fish, tadpoles, bats - adults contribute to pollination
39
Culicidae life cycle
Complete in 4 days to >1 month - eggs laid in area that will become wet or on existing wet surface --> larvae wigglers have siphon to take in air --> non feeding pupa also use siphon --> adult emerges from pupa
40
Standing water breeders
- eggs need water - Anopheles quadrimaculatus (common malaria mosquito) - Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito)
41
Floodwater mosquitoes
Eggs in moist soil or artificial containers - hatch in rain or flood - Aedes vexans (inland floodwater) - Aedes sollicitans (eastern saltmarsh)
42
Anopheles quadrimaculatus
Most common in eastern US - feed on big mammals - vector for agents of malaria, heartworm!
43
Which species of Culicidae are native to US?
Culex quinquefasciatus (southern states) - heartworm, encephalitis Aedes vexans - heartworm, encephalitis
44
Which species of Culicidae are introduced to US?
``` Aedes aegypti - Africa native - Yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya Aedes albopictus - Asia native - yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya ```
45
Culicidae integrated pest management
- biological - mechanical: drain swamps, bed nets - chemical: larvicides, adulticides, repellants - green nanotechnology
46
Biting midges
Ceratopogonidae - Culicoides spp - short flight range, active at dawn and dusk - painful bites!
47
Biting midges as vectors
``` Viruses - bluetongue - epizootic hemorrhagic disease Nematodes - Onchocercea Protozoa - Avain hemosporidians - Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon ```
48
Black flies
Simulium - small, stout bodied, hump on thorax, short antennae - breed only in running water - daytime biters
49
Black flies as vectors
``` Viruses - vesicular stomatitis Nematodes - Onchocerca Protozoa - Leucocytozoon ```
50
Sand flies
Psychodidae - Lutzomyia spp - small dull colored (hairy furry) - nocturnal, rest in moist places in the day - short lived adults, weak fliers
51
Sand flies as vectors
Viruses - vesticular stomatitis Protozoa - Leishmania
52
Reduviid bugs
Kissing bugs | - vector: Trypanosoma cruzi
53
Bed bugs
Increasing population - disease transmission not confirmed - exsanguination in chickens
Parasitology
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