1
Q
direct effects
A
The media has a powerful and immediate effect on audiences
2
Q
Hypodermic syringe model
A
- The model suggests that the audience passively accepts the message ‘injected’ into them by the mass media.
- The direct effects do not acknowledge differences between members of the audiences and therefore they are seen as homogenous.
- Therefore the information is sent to everyone as they only see everyone as the same (not pick and choose).
3
Q
Magic bullet theory
A
- Linked with PACKARDS work of the ‘magic bullet theory’, which illustrates that the media is like a syringe that ‘injects’ its messages into the audiences which is similar to Packards idea that the media is like a bullet that penetrates the audience.
- ome media organisations aim to have this effect on their audiences, for example some newspapers aim to sway voting habits of their audiences.
- The audiences do not engage with the media material and they just simply accept it
4
Q
Newson
A
- children’s exposure to media violence has a desensitising effect and as a result, they are most likely to commit acts of violence in reality as they have been exposed to violence in the media.
- effects of media violence on children were more subtle and gradual.
- continued exposure to violence in films over several years ‘desensitised’ children and teenagers to violence
- violence as a norm and as a possible way to solving problems.
- led to increased censorship in the film industry (e.g. the british board of film was given power to apply age certificates and tv companies agreed on a 9pm watershed, before which shows would not feature significant sexual or violent scenes).
5
Q
bandura
A
- media effects on violence and found that children can act more aggressively when given the opportunity to do so
- Bandura showed 3 groups of children real, film and cartoon examples of a bobo doll being beaten with a mallet. A further control group of children were shown no violence
- children who had seen the violent examples imitated the violence by beating the doll themselves, while the children who had seen no violence did not beat the doll.
6
Q
Anderson
A
- direct effects of music on an audience
- the effect of violent song lyrics on the attitudes and emotions of 500 college students who were asked to listen to songs with: violent, non violent, and humorous lyrics.
- clear pattern of increased aggressive thoughts and feelings of hostility following on from listening to violent song lyrics.
- Their results indicated a relationship between violent song lyrics and increased aggressive thoughts and feelings of hostility.
- They also found that even humorous violent songs did increase aggression levels in comparison to non-violent songs
7
Q
Fesbach and Singer
A
- catharsis
- watching an exciting film releases aggressive energy into safe outlets as the viewers immerse themselves into the action.
- audiences will not act aggressively in real life as their aggression has been satisfied through the consumption of the media
8
Q
catharsis
A
- fesbach and singer
- screen violence can actually provide a safe outlet for peoples aggressive tendencies
9
Q
Young
A
- argue that seeing the effects of violence and especially the pain and suffering it causes to the victim and their families may make us more aware of its consequences
- less inclined to commit violent acts
- people more aware and responsible so they avoid getting involved in violence.
10
Q
The media has a powerful and immediate effect on audiences
A
direct effects
11
Q
- The model suggests that the audience passively accepts the message ‘injected’ into them by the mass media.
- The direct effects do not acknowledge differences between members of the audiences and therefore they are seen as homogenous.
- Therefore the information is sent to everyone as they only see everyone as the same (not pick and choose).
A
Hypodermic syringe model
12
Q
- Linked with PACKARDS work of the ‘magic bullet theory’, which illustrates that the media is like a syringe that ‘injects’ its messages into the audiences which is similar to Packards idea that the media is like a bullet that penetrates the audience.
- ome media organisations aim to have this effect on their audiences, for example some newspapers aim to sway voting habits of their audiences.
- The audiences do not engage with the media material and they just simply accept it
A
Magic bullet theory
13
Q
- children’s exposure to media violence has a desensitising effect and as a result, they are most likely to commit acts of violence in reality as they have been exposed to violence in the media.
- effects of media violence on children were more subtle and gradual.
- continued exposure to violence in films over several years ‘desensitised’ children and teenagers to violence
- violence as a norm and as a possible way to solving problems.
- led to increased censorship in the film industry (e.g. the british board of film was given power to apply age certificates and tv companies agreed on a 9pm watershed, before which shows would not feature significant sexual or violent scenes).
A
Newson
14
Q
- media effects on violence and found that children can act more aggressively when given the opportunity to do so
- Bandura showed 3 groups of children real, film and cartoon examples of a bobo doll being beaten with a mallet. A further control group of children were shown no violence
- children who had seen the violent examples imitated the violence by beating the doll themselves, while the children who had seen no violence did not beat the doll.
A
bandura
15
Q
- direct effects of music on an audience
- the effect of violent song lyrics on the attitudes and emotions of 500 college students who were asked to listen to songs with: violent, non violent, and humorous lyrics.
- clear pattern of increased aggressive thoughts and feelings of hostility following on from listening to violent song lyrics.
- Their results indicated a relationship between violent song lyrics and increased aggressive thoughts and feelings of hostility.
- They also found that even humorous violent songs did increase aggression levels in comparison to non-violent songs
A
Anderson
16
Q
- catharsis
- watching an exciting film releases aggressive energy into safe outlets as the viewers immerse themselves into the action.
- audiences will not act aggressively in real life as their aggression has been satisfied through the consumption of the media
A
Fesbach and Singer
17
Q
- fesbach and singer
- screen violence can actually provide a safe outlet for peoples aggressive tendencies
A
catharsis
18
Q
- argue that seeing the effects of violence and especially the pain and suffering it causes to the victim and their families may make us more aware of its consequences
- less inclined to commit violent acts
- people more aware and responsible so they avoid getting involved in violence.
A
Young
AUDIENCE EFFECTS & MORAL PANICS
flashcards
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