Disease Frequency Standardization

Question 1

Measures disease force, assesses primary control measures, and evaluates biosecurity/infection control

Answer 1

Incidence

Question 2

Assesses the amount of effort needed to deliver secondary/tertiary control, altered if effective treatments are given and life is prolonged with disease still present, but says nothing about # of new cases, or change in disease force

Answer 2

Prevalence

Question 3

Has time in denominator, applies to a group, is scientifically precise

Answer 3

Rate

- incidence density

Question 4

Expressed as a proportion, applies to a group or individual, commonly used but does not account for withdrawals

Answer 4

Cumulative incidence

- risk

Question 5

Direct standardization

Answer 5

Use in situations where you have cumulative incidence from 2 groups and you want to compare the risks

• use measure of frequency to compare groups
• seeks to allow a more valid comparison between 2 different groups

Question 6

Crude risk

Answer 6

It is a weighted average of strata specific rates and strata specific populations

Question 7

When to standardize

Answer 7

• cumulative incidence is used
• desire to compare risk between 2 groups
• desire is to compare overall risk
• confounding risk factor could be in play

Question 8

Confounder/confounding

Answer 8

Mixing of effects

Question 9

Important strata to consider in epidemiology

Answer 9

• age
• breed
• sex
• production cycle