Diseases

Question 1

S/S of PE (pulmonary embolism):

Answer 1

Chest pain
SOB
Fainting
Cough ( may have blood)
Tachycardia
Leg pain/edema
Fever
Lightheadness

Question 2

Pleural effusion

Answer 2

A buildup of fluid between the tissues that line the lungs and the chest.

Question 3

What are signs of acute menigitis?

Answer 3

• Fever
• Stiff neck
• photophobia (Light sensitivity)
- AMS
- nausea and vomitting
• Onset in hours to few days

Question 4

what are the signs of TB infection?

Answer 4

Latent:

• no signs
• not contagious

Active:

• Very infectious
• Weakness
• Weight loss
• Fever
• No appetite
• Chills
• Sweating at night

Question 5

What are the S/S of a stroke?

Answer 5

• Sudden onset of numbness or weakness of face, arm, leg
  • Sudden slurring of speech or trouble speaking
  • Sudden onset of confusion, blurred vision, dizziness
  • Sudden onset of a severe headache with no other cause
  • Numbness or tingling in the hand
  • balance issues

Question 6

What are the S/S of AMI (acute myocardial infarction)?

Answer 6

• Chest pain radiating to jaw, arms, back, shoulder
  • SOB
• Anxiety
  • Sense of impending doom
  • Diaphoresis (excessive sweating)
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • dizziness
  • Weakness

Question 7

What are the S/S of cardiac tamponade?

Answer 7

• Becks triad (hypotension w/ narrow BP, muffled heart sounds, JVD)
• Sharp pain in chest
• Chest pain that gets worse with deep breathing or coughing
• SOB or tachypnea
• edema in legs or abdomen
• fainting
• dizziness
• Jaundice
• cyanosis

Question 8

What are S/S of tension pneumothorax?

Answer 8

• Chest pain
• SOB or Tachypnea
• sucking or gurgling sounds over wound
• deviated trachea
• absent breath sounds in affected lung

Question 9

What are S/S of congestive heart failure (CHF)?

Answer 9

• chest pain
• SOB
• Bilateral crackles in lungs
• Edema
• orthopnea
• JVD

Question 10

What are the S/S of angina pectoris (ischemic chest pain) ?

Answer 10

• squealing, pressure , heaviness
• usually last short time (<5 mins)
• relieved by rest and medication

Question 11

What is the treatment of angina pectoris (ischemic chest pain)?

Answer 11

• aspirin
• O2
• nitro

Question 12

What is the treatment of for cardiac tamponade ?

Answer 12

• support ABC’s
• treat for shock
• rapid transport
• notify Receiving facility

Question 13

What is the treatment of of congestive heart failure (CHF)?

Answer 13

• support ABC’s
• administer CPAP
• NRM (if no CPAP)
• nitro

Question 14

What are the S/S of MI in women?

Answer 14

• back pain
• severe indigestion
• abdominal pain
• ams
• unexplained weakness

Question 15

What is the treatment of a stroke?

Answer 15

• support ABC’s
• give O2
• rapid transport to stroke center
• determine “last well known” time

Question 16

What is the treatment for shock?

Answer 16

• find and fix cause of shock
  (cpr, tourniquet, epinephrine)
• keep warm
• give O2
• administer IV with fluids

Question 17

What are the general signs of shock?

Answer 17

Change in mental state
Agitation, confusion, unresponsiveness

• Tachypnea
  Rapid breathing ( >25 breaths/minute)
• Tachycardia
  Rapid heart rate ( >100 BPM)
• Hypotension
  Low Blood pressure ( <90/60 mmHg)
• Skin Changes
  Cool, clammy, pale
• Oliguria
  Low urine output

Question 18

What is the treatment of tension pneumothorax?

Answer 18

• O2
• seal wound with occlusive dressing w/ 3 sides of tape
• needle decompression in second intercostal space (above 3rd rib)

Question 19

What are S/S of intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Answer 19

• irregular breathing (Cheyenne stroke)
• bradycardia
• widened BP
• headaches, nausea, vomiting
• AMS
• sluggish or absent pupil response
• decerebrate posturing

Question 20

What is acute meningitis?

Answer 20

an inflammation of the membranes (meninges) that cover the brain and spinal cord

Question 21

What is PE (pulmonary embolism)?

Answer 21

condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot

Question 22

Compare and contrast between epidural hematoma and subdural hematoma?

Answer 22

• epidural hematoma occur between skull and dura matter (outermost layer of brain protective membranes)
• subdural hematoma occur between dura matter and brain itself

Question 23

What is pulmonary edema?

Answer 23

Fluid buildup in the alveoli (where gas exchange happens)

Question 24

What is tension pneumothorax?

Answer 24

When the air in the plural cavity displaces the lung and results in absence of breath sounds.

Question 25

What is pulmonary embolism?

Answer 25

Clot or obstruction of a pulmonary blood vessel

Question 26

What is hemothorax?

Answer 26

Accumulation of blood in the pleural space resulting in diminished or absent breath sounds.

Question 27

Define CHF ?

Answer 27

Congestive Heart Failure It is a chronic condition where the heart muscle weakens and cannot pump blood effectively leading to fluid buildup in the body, particularly in the lungs

Question 28

What angina pectoris ?

Answer 28

type of chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. It is typically caused by coronary artery disease, a condition in which the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked