Describe the privileges afforded to EMT’s operating emergency vehicles and the precautions that must be observed while using these privileges.
Exceed the speed limit posted for the area only if you are not endangering lives or property.
Drive the wrong way down a one-way street or drive down the opposite side of the road.
Turn in any direction at any intersection.
Park anywhere as long as you do not endanger lives or property.
Leave the ambulance standing in the middle of a street or intersection.
Cautiously proceed through a red light or red flashing signal.
Pass other vehicles in no-passing zone
Define due regard
How a reasonably careful person, performing under similar circumstances, would act in the same manor
Give examples of the EMT’s responsibilities during each of the major phases of an ambulance call.
- Daily pre-run vehicle and equipment preparation :
- Ensuring Ambulance is properly maintained and equipped
- Dispatch:
- Clarify any unclear information
- En route to the scene
- Clarify information with dispatch
- Think about what you will need for scene
- At the scene
- Notify dispatch on arrival
- En route to the receiving facility
- Make sure PT is securely strapped
- Began reassessment
- Notify Dispatch that your en route to hospital
- Notify receiving facility of PT
- At the receiving facility
- Give complete oral report
- Complete prehospital report
- En route to the station
- Clean ambulance
- Clean equipment
- Radio dispatch
- Post run
- Fill out reports
- Fill up with gas
- Change any dirty uniforms
Explain precautions that should be taken when driving an ambulance in inclement weather.
- Rainy or Wet weather
- Avoid sudden breaking
- If hydroplaning, take foot off accelerator and gently pump brake (pump brakes after puddle to dry out brakes)
- Winter driving
- Carry emergency equipment like shovel, sand, booster cables
- Avoid sudden movements of the steering wheel and sudden braking
- Fog, Mist, dust storms
- slow down but avoid decelerating quickly
- Turn on lights
- If traveling 15 mph below speed limit turn on Flashers
- pump brakes to warn motorist behind you
- Turn on defroster
Describe the safety precautions to be taken when working at scenes on or near roadways
- Do not trust approaching traffic
- Do not turn your back to approaching traffic
- Position the first arriving emergency vehicle to create a block and a physical barrier between upstream traffic and the scene
- Wear appropriate PPE and Visibility chest
- At nighttime, turn off vision-impairing lights, including headlights and spotlights
- Use other emergency vehicles such as fire and PD to slow down traffic
- Use advance-warning signs and other traffic control measures upstream of the scene to reduce the speed of the oncoming traffic
- Use traffic cones
- Assign a person to monitor upcoming traffic
- Be uphill/upwind from scenes that contain hazardous material
List 5 Post run infection control procedures:
- Dispose of Sharps
- Wash hands
- Clean, Disinfect, or Sterilize Contaminated Equipment
- Clean up any bodily fluid
- Disinfect reusable equipment - Launder soiled clothing and linens
- Dispose of infectious waste
Explain the concepts of residential access, simple and complex access.
Residential access:
- Perform a 360 and use voice to first locate PT
- Check Neighbors for access to key
- for forcefully entry: dispatch Police and Fire
Simple access: is access in which tools are not required
Complex access: requires the use of tools and specialized equipment.
Describe the role of the EMT and basic considerations for caring for a patient entrapped in a vehicle.
- PT care provider
- in simple access, getting to PT if possible
- Establishing PT rapport and keeping PT calm
Describe various methods of accessing, disentangling, and extricating a patient entrapped in a vehicle.
- Hydraulic cutter or spreader
tool
- used for spreading, cutting, pushing or cutting vehicle around PT
- “Rip and Blitz”: Vehicle is cut around PT
- EMT enters vehicle and provides C Spine stabilization
- “Dash Roll”: Pushing dash with tool off PT when they are trapped
- Door Removal
5.WIndshielf removal and Roof rolling
Describe equipment and methods for stabilizing an upright vehicle, a vehicle on its side, and a vehicle on its roof.
- Air bag: A rubber bag, found in various shapes and sizes, that, when inflated with air, has great lifting ability
- Come along: A rubber bag, found in various shapes and sizes, that, when inflated with air, has great lifting ability.
- Cribbing: 4x4 or 2x2 blocks of hardwood cut to approximately 18-inch-long sections.
- Cutters: A powered tool used to cut metal. They are either battery powered or use a gasoline fueled generator
- Ram: A powered tool used to push metal in a straight direction
- Spreader: A powered tool used to open, spread, and separate items such as vehicle doors
- Jack: A manual device used much as a ram would be used for lifting
- step chalk: A set of several 2x6 blocks of hardwood cut to varying lengths and secured together to form “steps.”
- struts: Telescoping stabilization columns designed to immobilize a vehicle from its side
- Wedge: A piece of cribbing tapered to an edge at one end
- winch: A powered cable reel usually electrically or hydraulically driven and mounted to a truck, which is used to pull
Explain the Emergency Response Guidebook:
Its a book (updated every four years) that lists more than a thousand hazardous materials
- each with a four-digit UN identification number cross-referenced to complete emergency instructions
What are the 2 principles about radiation-related accidents?
(1) Protect yourself and others from contamination as your first priority
(2) no EMT should ever attempt to decontaminate a radiation patient
If PT is contaminated with radiation what are the 2 options?
- Wait for Radiation safety Officer (RSO)
- IF RSO cant come, transport by experts to hospital for decontamination
What are the 4 different triage colors, their category and priority?
- Red:
Immediate care and transport necessary (Priority 1 - P1) - Yellow:
Delayed emergency care and transport (Priority 2 - P2) - Green:
Minor Injuries and ambulatory patients (Priority 3 - P3) - Black:
Deceased or fatal injuries (Priority 4- P4)
Differentiate between primary exposure and fallout associated with a nuclear explosion.
- Primary exposure:
is the primary radiation injury that occurs during or shortly after the detonation
Most injuries are caused by blast and burns
- Fallout exposure:
is the second form of radiation exposure
Fallout is radioactive dust and particles that can be life threatening to people far from the epicenter of the detonation
most injuries are from radiation not burns
Define a weapon of mass destruction.
Weapons intended to cause widespread and indiscriminate death and destruction
Describe types of injuries that may occur from conventional explosives and incendiary devices.
- Primary effect:
injuries that occur from the blast (flames and hot gases) - Secondary effect:
flying debris, shrapnel and other projectiles can cause significant significant penetrating injury or blunt trauma - Tertiary effect:
Injuries caused by propulsion of persons body - quaternary effects:
Burn, crush, and inhalation injuries
Hazardous materials:
List the following for 1. Explosives
Classification, Examples, S/S, BLS treatment
Examples: TNT, Ammunition
Route:
skin, eyes, inhalation
S/S:
Cardiovascular, circulatory collapse and dysrhythmia
BLS treatment:
Airway, possible tracheal intubation
Hazardous materials:
List the following for 2. Toxic and flammable gases
Classification, Examples, S/S, BLS treatment
Examples:
Chlorine, ammonia, Carbon dioxide, Butane, hydrogen
Route:
skin, eyes, inhalation
S/S:
CARDIOVASCULAR-m
Circulatory collapse and dysrhythmia
RESPIRATORY-
Tachypnea and dyspnea, respiratory failure, pulmonary edema
GASTROINTESTINAL-
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; irritated mucous membranes
CNS-
Headache, dizziness, seizures, stupor, and coma
EYES-
Chemical conjunctivitis
SKIN- Dermatitis and skin eruptions
BLS treatment:
Oxygen @ 15 lpm via NRM
Monitor for shock
Flush skin and eyes
Treat for pulmonary edema
Anticipate seizures
Treat burns and frostbite
Define the acronym SLUDGE:
S - salivation
L - Lacrimation (tearing)
U - Urination
D - Defecation
G - Gastrointestinal upset
E - Emesis (Vomiting)
Hazardous materials:
List the following for 3. Flammable and combustible liquids
Classification, Examples, S/S, BLS treatment
Examples:
Gasoline, diesel, Brake fluid, Oil
S/S:
CARDIOVASCULAR-
Dysrhythmia and tachycardia
RESPIRATORY-
Tachypnea and dyspnea, upper respiratory, and rapid pulmonary edema
GASTROINTESTINAL-
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; irritated mucous membranes
CNS-
Headache, dizziness, seizures, stupor, and coma
EYES-
Chemical conjunctivitis and cyanosis
SKIN-
Dermatitis, irritation, and cyanosis
BLS treatment:
Oxygen @15 lpm via NRM
Monitor for shock
Flush skin/eyes
Treat pulmonary edema
anticipate seizure
8 oz of water
treat burns
avoid vomit contact
Hazardous materials:
List the following for 4. Flammable solids, dangerous when wet, spontaneously combustible
Classification, Examples, S/S, BLS treatment
Examples:
Phosphorous, magnesium, Titanium, lithium,
S/S:
CARDIOVASCULAR-
Dysrhythmia or shock
RESPIRATORY-
Tachypnea and dyspnea, upper respiratory, and rapid pulmonary edema
GASTROINTESTINAL-
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, garlic odor
CNS-
Headache, dizziness, fatigue, and seizures
EYES-
Conjunctivitis and injury
SKIN-
Chemical burns and jaundice
BLS treatment:
oxygen @ 15 lpm
monitor for shock
Flush skin/eyes
Treat pulmonary edema
anticipate seizures
8 oz water
treat burns
avoid vomit
Hazardous materials:
List the following for 5. Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides
Classification, Examples, S/S, BLS treatment
Examples:
Chlorine, lithium peroxide, calcium chloride
S/S:
CARDIOVASCULAR -
Hypovolemic shock, rapid weak pulse
RESPIRATORY-
Acute pulmonary edema, asphyxia, chemical pneumonia, and upper airway obstruction
GASTROINTESTINAL-
Acute toxicity, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
CNS-
Hypoxia, stupor, lethargy, and coma
EYES-
Conjunctivitis and blindness
SKIN-
Chemical burns, full and partial thickness
BLS treatment:
Oxygen @ 15 lpm
Monitor for shock
Flush skin/eyes
Treat pulmonary edema
Hazardous materials:
List the following for 6. Toxic and infectious substances
Classification, Examples, Route of exposure, S/S, BLS treatment
Examples:
Cyanide, arsenic, phosgene, Insecticides, Pesticides
S/S:
SLUDGE
BLS treatment:
Oxygen @ 15 lpm
Monitor for shock
Flush skin/eyes
Treat for pulmonary edema
-
Module 1 - Introduction93
-
Module 2- Anatomy & Physiology124
-
Module 3 - Airway92
-
Module 4- Patient Assessment83
-
Module 5 - Medical Emergencies I102
-
Module 6- Medical Emergencies 1158
-
Module 7- Medical Emergencies II124
-
Medical terms and definitions40
-
Module 8 - Trauma I95
-
Module 9- Trauma II68
-
Module 1043
-
Final Review114
-
Medications review9
-
Diseases28
-
Vitals21
-
Acadian Protocols18
-
EMT Terminology2
