diuretics

Question 1

what is the concept for diuretic

Answer 1

1. increase urine output, decrease blood volume

2. sodium not reabsorb, water so not reabsorbed

Question 2

type of diuretics

Answer 2

1. high efficacy-loop diuretic
2. intermediate efficacy-thiazides
3. low efficacy-potassium sparing

Question 3

1. furosemide
2. bumetanide
3. torsemide
4. ethacrynic acid

Answer 3

high efficacy loop diuretics

Question 4

chlorothiazide
chlorthalidone
hydrochlorothiazide
indapamide

Answer 4

thiazide-intermediate drug

Question 5

potassium sparing

Answer 5

1. spironolactone
2. amiloride
3. triamterene

Question 6

acetazolamide

dorsolamide

Answer 6

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Question 7

mannitol

urea

Answer 7

osmotic diuretic

Question 8

chlorthalidone-thiazide

Answer 8

long duration ction

Question 9

indapamide-thiazide

Answer 9

treatment of hypertension + renal failure

Question 10

what are the characteristic of thiazide drug?

Answer 10

• all have similar efficacies but different potencies
• hyperosmolar urine-substitute to ADH receptor
• treatment of diabetic insipidus

Question 11

what are the MOA of thiazide drug

Answer 11

• need to go to lumen to do it action
• act at distal convoluted tubule
• inhibit sodium and chlorine co trasport-increase sodium and calcium in urine
• reduce calcium in vascular-cause vasodilation

Question 12

• mild moderate ht
• mild moerate heart failure
• nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
• idiopathic hypercalciuria

Answer 12

thiazide

Question 13

adverse effect of thiazide

Answer 13

1. hypokalemia
2 hypomagnesemia
3 hyperglycemia
4 hyperuricemia
5 postural hypertension
6 hyperlipidemia
7 hypersensitivity

Question 14

drug interaction of thiazide

Answer 14

nsaid
anticoagulant
insulin

Question 15

potassium sparing diuretic

Answer 15

• use with thiazide to compensate potassium loss

- classified base on moa

Question 16

what is spironolactone

Answer 16

❌synthetic steroid
❌antgonize aldosterone-activate na/k atpase cause retention of sodium and potassium
❌prostaglandin play its role

Question 17

indication of potassium sparing

Answer 17

• edema due to cirrhosis
• secondary hyeraldosteronism
• heart failure

Question 18

side effect of potassium sparing

Answer 18

hyperkalemia
gynecomastia
nausea gastric upset

Question 19

DI for amiloride triamterene

Answer 19

ACEI

indomethacin

Question 20

moa of triamterene n amiloride

Answer 20

inhibit na uptake

Question 21

acetazolamide

Answer 21

use topically

Question 22

dorsolamide

Answer 22

topically