1
Q
A
furosemide
Bumetanide
2
Q
A
block Na+/K+/2Cl-
thick ascending
increase solute load intraluminally
reduction in h2o absorption
3
Q
A
Na+ K+ (hypokal) cl- H+ (met. alk) Ca2+
4
Q
A
Hypokalaemia
met. alkalosis
hypovolaemia
ototoxicity
5
Q
A
oedema of stria vacularis
6
Q
A
x40
7
Q
A
yes
8
Q
A
inhibit Na+/Cl-
distal convoluted tubule
9
Q
A
lowered
i.e. increase calcium reabsorption
10
Q
A
Na+
Cl-
^^^K+ (profound)
Mg2+
11
Q
A
uric acid
calcium
12
Q
A
12 hours duration
13
Q
A
YES - reduced urinary calcium (not related to serum level)
14
Q
A
gout
15
Q
A
decreased urate acid exrcetion
16
Q
A
Hypokalaemia Hyponatraemia Hypomagnesaemia met alkalosis urate increased hyperglycaemia
17
Q
A
SE is hyperglycaemia
18
Q
A
spironolactone
eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene
19
Q
A
spironolactone
eplerenone
20
Q
A
amiloride
triamterene
21
Q
A
Block Na+ in collecting duct
22
Q
A
inhibit aldosterone
aldosterone retains Na+
23
Q
A
Na+
24
Q
A
K+
H+
25
[diuretics]: K+ sparing: what is the duration of onset of spironolactone
days
26
[diuretics]: K+ sparing: why are K+ sparing diuretics most frequently prescribed
ameliorates K+ loss due to loop/thiazides
27
[diuretics]: what and why are loop or thiazide diuretics given in conjuction with
K+
| ameliorates K+ loss due to loop/thiazides
28
[diuretics]: K+ sparing: SEs
```
metabolic acidosis (H+ retention)
hyperkalaemia
```
29
[diuretics]: K+ sparing: why does spironolactone produce gynecomastia
it inhibits androgen production
30
[diuretics]: K+ sparing: spironolactone 2 SEs
GI upset
| Gynecomastia
31
[diuretics]: osmotic: e.g.
Mannitol
32
[diuretics]: osmotic: MOA ?
freely filtered at glomerulus
poorly reabsorbed in tubule
holds water by osmotic effect
33
[diuretics]: osmotic: other than BP control, what is their use? (4)
raised ICP
Brain volume reduction
intra-ocular pressure reduction
rhabdomyolysis
34
[diuretics]: osmotic: mannitol can be used in what muscle disorder?
Rhabdomyolysis
35
[diuretics]: osmotic: what complication can occur in patients who cannot form urine
pulmonary oedema
36
[diuretics]: osmotic: why in patients who can not form urine can you get lung complications
transient expansion of extracellular due to extraction from intracellular --> pulmonary oedema
37
[diuretics]: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: e.g.
Acetazolamide
38
[diuretics]: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: MOA
increase excretion of HCO3 and therefore Na+, K+, h2o
39
[diuretics]: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: increased bicarbonate in urine results in (2)
alkaline urine
| metabolic acidosis
40
[diuretics]: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: when are they indicated
Glaucoma
| not diuretic
41
[diuretics]: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: how do they work in glaucoma
reduce formation of aqueous humour
42
[diuretics]: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: also used by climbers/mountaineers, why?
acidosis = increased respiration = improve acclimatization = reduced risk of acute mountain sickness
43
[diuretics]: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: why does inhibiting this enzyme work?
Bicarbonate reabsorption in dependent on carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
RENAL
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