3rd Year > DM > Flashcards

DM Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Rapid acting insulin prep

A

Lisipro, gluilusine, aspart

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2
Q

Intermediate insulin

A

Isophane insulin
NPH

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3
Q

Long acting insulin

A

Glargine, detemir - 24 hrs
Degludec - 42hrs

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4
Q

Sulphonyly urea action

A

Increases insulin release from the pancreas

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5
Q

Action depends on preformed insulin

A

Secretagogue sulphonyl urea

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6
Q

Food reduces its absorption

A

Sulphonylurea

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7
Q

Should be given to non obese as drug consumption increases appetite

A

Sulphontl urea

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8
Q

First gen. Sulphonyl ureas

A

S.A, I.A and L.A

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9
Q

S.A

A

Tolbutamide

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10
Q

I.A

A

Acetohexamide

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11
Q

L.A

A

Chlorpropramide

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12
Q

Second generation are

A

All Intermediate Acting
More potent with less side effects

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13
Q

Intermediate acting second gen.

A

Glimperide
Glybenclamide - Glyburide
Glipizide
Gliclazide

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14
Q

Adverse effect sulphonyl urea

A

Teratogenicity

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15
Q

Disulfide like reaction

A

Hepatic porphyria and alcohol induced flush as AE of sulphonylurea

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16
Q

Aspirin, Phenylbutazone and sulfa

A

Displace sulfonyl urea

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17
Q

Sulphonyl urea themselves displace

A

Warfarin - weak warfarin

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18
Q

Phenobarbitone, Phenytoin and rifampicin

A

HME inducers decreasing sulphonyl urea

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19
Q

MAOI, allopurinol, cimetidine and chloramphenicol

A

HME inhibitors

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20
Q

Alcohol on blood glucose

A

Hypoglycemia

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21
Q

Thiazide crticos and contraceptives

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A

Decrease the action of sulphonyl ureas

22
Q

Other secretagogues - glinide

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A

Repaglinide, mitiglinide and nateglinide

23
Q

Mechanism of nateglinide

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A

Binding to specific site on K receptor for release of insulin

24
Q

Mitiglinide (and all)

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A

Rapid onset
Short half life 2 to 3 hrs
Hepatic metabolism
No hypoglycaemia, no weight gain, no dose adjustment (especially) repaglinide

25
Insulin sensutizers
Biguanides (metformin) Glitazones
26
Mechanism of action of biguanides
Activates AMP dependent ptn kinase to decrease gluconeogenwsis and increase FA oxidation Plus increase insulin sensitivity
27
Biguanides increase anaerobic glycolysis thereby
Increasing lactic admid production manifesting in many contraindications
28
No hepatic metabolism in
Biguanides (so not affected in liver disease)
29
Used in overweight patients
Biguanides
30
Non diabetic use in polycyclic ovary syndrome
Biguanides
31
Decreases vit b12 absorption with long use
Biguanides (metformin)
32
Thiazolidinediones mechanism of action
Bind to PPAR gamma receptor
33
Glitazones - increasebothe HDL and LDL
Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone
34
Can bebtaken by patients with renal insufficiency
Glitazones (opp of metformin)
35
Teratogenic like sulphonyl urea
Glitazones
36
Acarbose and miglitol
Alpha glucosidase activity decreasing absorption of *complex* carbohydrates
37
Used alone or with other drugs
Acaebose and miglitol
38
Semaglutide taken subcutaneously
But also orally
39
Oral analogue for diabetes
Rybelsus
40
GLP1 analogues for weight loss
Wegovy (orally if with diabetes and SC if without)
41
Both GLP and GIP agonist
Tirzepatide
42
Increases insulin Decreases glucose Decreases appetite Decreases body weight
GIP and its agonists
43
Mechanism of action of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors
Inhibits enzyme for the breakdown of endogenous incretins
44
Increases the risk of HF
Saxagliptin
45
Janumet
Sitagliptin and metformin
46
Pramlintide - amylin analogue
Decreases glucagon, gastric emptying, appetite, postprandial glucose elevation
47
SGLT2Is
Decrease glucose filtered and used in HF - like saxagliptin
48
Premedicated with NSAID, acetaminophen, antihistamine, antiemetic for the first five days of dosing
Teplizumab
49
Given in hypoglycemic cima when glucose is unavailable
Glucagon SC and IM and IN in severe hypoglycaemia
50
Glucagon test
Used to asses beta cell secretory reserve
51
Has positive ino and chronotropy
Glucagon (makes it good for HF with beta blocker overdose)
52
Used a monotherapy
Metformin
3rd Year
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