DNA Structure And Replication

Question 1

Nucleic Acids

Answer 1

The macromolecule that holds our genetic material

Question 2

Genes

Answer 2

Sections of DNA that serve as blueprint/instructions for making protien

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid
Its sugar is deoxyribose
Its nitrogen base is made of Adenine Guanine Cytosine and Thymine

Question 4

RNA

Answer 4

Ribonucleic acid
Its sugar is ribose
Its nitrogen base is made of Adenine Guanine Cytosine and Uracil (U replaces T)

Question 5

Nucleotides

Answer 5

The monomer of nucleic acids
Has three parts
Sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogen Base

Question 6

Double Helix Structure

Answer 6

Like a twisted ladder
Sugar and phosphate form the “sugar phosphate backbone”
Nitrogen bases bond in the middle with weak hydrogen bonds
All other bonds are covalent

Question 7

RNA structure

Answer 7

A single strand of nucleotides with exposed bases
RNA bases bind with DNA bases
A bunds with U
C binds with G

Question 8

Chromosomes

Answer 8

Tightly coiled strands of DNA
Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes
(humans have 23 pairs, dogs have 37 pairs)

Question 9

DNA replication

Answer 9

The process of making an identical copy of DNA
Must be done before a cell starts to divide
Happens in the Nucleus during the cell phase of interphase

Question 10

Steps of DNA replication

Answer 10

Polymerase replicating the DNA with DNA

Question 11

DNA Polymerase

Answer 11

Replicates DNA molecules (builds the new strand)

Question 12

Helicase

Answer 12

Unzips the DNA

Question 13

Primase

Answer 13

Makes the primer so DNA polymerase con figure out where to go

Question 14

Ligase

Answer 14

Glues Okazaki fragments together

Question 15

SSB protein

Answer 15

Single Stranded binding protein
it stops the DNA from coming back together during replication

Question 16

Okazaki Fragment