Drpught

Question 1

What is water security

Answer 1

aimed at providing access to clean, safe drinking water

-for agriculture, food production

Question 2

Name the 3 sources of water

Answer 2

• groundwater
• surface water
• rainfall water

Question 3

What is groundwater

Answer 3

water found underground

-in pores, fractures, cracks

Question 4

What are aquifers

Answer 4

sources of usable water (wells, springs)

-formed by groundwater seeping into permeable rocks

Question 5

What is surface water

Answer 5

water found on surface of earth

• replensihed by rainfall, desalination of groundwater
• lost to evaporation

Question 6

What is rainfall water

Answer 6

product of water cycle -> often source of repleneshing both groundwater, surface water

Question 7

What are the 3 components of water demand

Answer 7

• agricultural demand- water usage in crop production, irrigation farming, livestocl
• industrial, commercial demand- water usage in heating, turbines, transportation
• domestic demand- water usage in cleaning, drinking, hygeine

Question 8

What is water stress

Answer 8

when the demand for water exceeds supply in area

-caused by: drought, flood, deforestation

Question 9

How does climate change affect relaationship of water supply

Answer 9

• greenhouse gas emissions ->
• increased atmospheric temp ->
• alters water cycle ->
• inadequate water supply
• due to:
• ^ temp -> irregular precipitation, evaporation -> ^ drought/ flooding
• ^ temp -> melting glaciers -> flooding

Question 10

How do geological changes affect relationship of water supply

Answer 10

• earthquakes, volcanoes -> create impermeable rocks -> water to remain on surface water bodies
• affects volume of water in aquifers -> reducing quality of surface water

Question 11

How do drainage systems affect relationship of water supply

Answer 11

• drainage systems collects, treats, discharges wastewater

- in some place treatment of sewage- not part of drainage system -> water pollution -> supply of low-quality water

Question 12

What is water insecurity

Answer 12

when present and future supplies cannot be guaranteed. Physical, political and economic solutions are needed

Question 13

What is water scarcity

Answer 13

imbalance between demand and supply

Question 14

What is economic scarcity

Answer 14

water avaliable but access is limited -> lack of investment in water infrasturtcure (supply, transport)

-impacts water quantity

Question 15

What us physical water scarcity

Answer 15

• lack of freshwater -> more than 75% of blue waters used - insecurity
• further heightened -> populations not close to water sources (rivers) -> ^ risk of insecurity
• rising temperatures -> ^ water sources drying up- limit water quantity

Question 16

Name 4 strategies for increasing water supply

Answer 16

• catchment: natural geographical space- rainfall run-off waters collected -> need protected from sewage, deforestation
• diversion and transfer: movement of water from surplus- area for storage -> water diverted from natural source- dams
• storage: dams, large storage tanks -> store water
• desalination, treatment: treating salt water (oceans)- removing consitituent minerals -> ^ quality

Question 17

Name 4 reasons why demand for water has risen

Answer 17

• population growth -> more ppl -> more water
• aquifers, deep-water wells -> being
• economic growth -> industrial increased demand
• water extracted faster than soil can recharge

Question 18

Name the 3 causes of water insecurity

Answer 18

• precipitation-
• topography
• geology-

Question 19

Name the water insecurities Asia are experiencing

Answer 19

• health problems -> lack of access to safe drinking water- diarrhoea-related deaths
• water pollution- high levels of bacterial waste
• overuse:
• agriculture uses 90% of freshwater
• salinity affects 60% og groundwater supplies