globalisation Flashcards

Question

explain Starbuck's position in globalisation

Answer 1

- there has been a change in social structuring, before there were much less coffee shops and more pubs, they drank more alcohol - Starbucks have shifted social interactions, more of a coffee culture - linguistic globalisation has come from this, they are interacting with American businesses - westernisation has led to greater aspirations, they have adopted a better work ethic, increased profitability of businesses - increased carbon emissions from the flow of goods

Answer 2

china embraces economic globalisation but not social and cultural globalisation as they have a communist approach

Answer 3

- lack of money to invest in infrastructure, cannot have interdependence, can't trade (economic), no telephones or airports (cultural), poor infrastructure and low literacy rates makes it unattractive for offshoring FDI - high level of government debt, can't embrace foreign companies, e.g. Senegal, cannot afford to purchase imported goods - dependency on one industry -> can't be interdependent, this is when they specialise their industry on one of their natural resources , bananas in windward islands, risky - poorly developed transport and telecommunications infrastructure

Answer 4

- Arid conditions, Sahel region countries have a semi-arid climate and so agricultural exports are reliant on a good rainy season - desertification as getting rid of trees reduces transpiration and evapotranspiration, this reduces the amount of clouds and therefore rain desertification has been due to overpopulation as more grass is eaten, also deforestation, THIS MEANS: there is a reduced amount of available land area for producing agricultural exports - trees give shade (cool area), no infiltration due to baked ground, flooding, no shade for cattle, no building materials - climate change has led to differing weather patterns, more extreme climate, heatwaves, - lack of natural resources (e.g. discovery of coltan) - landlocked countries, difficulty for trade, no airports, travel through other African countries - isolation from markets

Answer 5

- outsourcing - global production market - offshoring - glocalisation - investment in new markets

Answer 6

adapting your product to meet the demand of your local market

Answer 7

- international immigration has created extensive family networks that cross national borders, world-city societies become multi-ethnic and pluralistic - global improvements in education and health can be seen over time, with rising life expectancy and literacy levels, although the changes are no means universal - social interconnectivity has grown over time thanks to the spread of 'universal' connections such as mobile phones, the internet and email

Answer 8

- the growth of trading blocs (EU, NAFTA) allows TNCs to merge and making acquisitions of firms in neighbouring countries, while reduced trade restrictions and tariffs help markets to grow - global concerns suc has free trade, credit crunch and the global response to natural disasters - the world bank, IMF and the WTO work internationally to harmonise national economies

Answer 9

- 'successful' western culture traits com to dominate in some territories, e.g. westernisation, the 'mcdonaldisation' of tases and fashion - glocalisation and hybridisation are a more complex outcome that takes places as old local cultures merge and meld with globalising influences - the circulation of ideas and information has accelerated thanks to 24 hour reporting, people also keep in touch using virtual spaces such as facebook and twitter

Answer 10

commodities toursim capital information migration

Answer 11

- these are things being sold and bought within different countries - it is the flow of goods

Answer 12

- improvements in aircraft made trips quicker and cheaper - low-cost airlines have raised aspirations - emerging nations are travelling more than ever, westernisation

Answer 13

- the most restricted flow unless there is deemed to be a need - if there is a need for a person with your job they will accept you - brain drain vs brain gain - impact of remittances

Answer 14

- cultural globalisation, the movement of people - movement of knowledge - they have accelerated globalisation as it has allowed people to move all over the world, easier and quicker, they have contributed to the 'shrinking world'

Answer 15

standardised sized containers that can be transported by lorry, train and ships. this is a capital-intensive process and is very efficient as the products are not unloaded.

Answer 16

-steam power -railways -jet aircraft -container shipping

Answer 17

in the 1800s, Britain was leading the world in the use of steam technology. this allowed the British to move their goods and armies very quickly into key areas like Africa and asia

Answer 18

- newer and more efficient aircraft have allowed goods to be transported quickly between countries - increasing competition between affordable airlines has led to more people being able to travel abroad, arrival of the intercontinental jet aircraft in the 1960s - the Boeing 747 introduced I the 1960s lowed the cost of international air travel, bringing international tourism within the purchasing capabilities of the middle class

Answer 19

- the 'backbone' of the global economy since the 1950s, with around 200 million individual container movements taking place each year, lowering costs of transport is beneficial for businesses and customers - process is easily mechanised, containers are unload by crane, increasingly automatically. previously it was loaded manually in crates or stacks, much quicker - dramatically sped up goods trade and reduced costs, making consumer goods cheaper , dramatically lowered the costs of 'break bulk cargo' (when products have to be loaded individually) as there is less time spent when products change transport type (e.g. at. dock = more trade = cheaper) - container ships are so efficient that the transport costs of moving an iPhone or television form china to the uk is less than £1. - shipping cost reduced as fewer days are wasted queuing at a port waiting to unload, faster transport times increase the distance perishable products can be transported, e.g. cut flowers from Kenya, opening up more distant markets and reducing losses.

Answer 20

- telephone and the telegraph - broadband and fibre optics - GIS and GPS - internet - electronic banking

Answer 21

- core technologies for communicating across distance - allowed for better global communication - reduced mobile phone costs expanded usage from an expensive business tool to an essential consumer product

Answer 22

- since the 1990s, enormous flows of data are converted across the ocean floor through the use of fibre optics - fibre optic cables has allowed for instant, global communication

Answer 23

satellites continuously broadcast position and timer data to users throughout the world, it has become an essential feature fo cars and has led to the success of google maps

Answer 24

- connects people and places across the globe - 40% of the world's population have access to it. - social media has led to the rapid spread of news, knowledge and opinions - the development of social media has led to space-time compression were the cost of communicating over distance has fallen rapidly, so people can communicate regardless of distance - social networks have allowed people to communicate instantly and without charge

Answer 25

the ease of transferring money abroad - digital economy is worth $1.5 trillion - investment, links between other countries - in real areas, fishermen and farmer use mobiles to check market parties before selling produce - e banking allows migrants to transmit remittance sos money back to their own home countries

Answer 26

it has the role of lending money and giving grants to the developing world to fund economic development and reduce poverty. - most of the world bank's funds come from the world's financial markets by selling world bank bonds to investors - it has 189 member countries who share ownership, the US has a controlling voting interest - they encourage free trade by removing legal restrictions and capital controls along with adopting structural adjustment programmes to reduce government budget deficits. it involves government spending cuts, privatisation of state-owned firms and opening up to foreign competition - since 1947, they have funded over 12,000 projects - the WB provides low-interest loans, interest-free credit and grants. it focuses on improving education, health and infrastructure - it has helped developing countries develop deeper ties to the global economy but has been criticised for having policies that put economic development before social development.

Answer 27

- aims to maintain a stable international financial system and this promotes frees trade and globalisation -their funds come from quota subscriptions paid by member states and loans. quotas are pooled funds of member nations and the size of a member's quotes depends on its economic and financial importance in the world - it is made up of 189 member countries - since 1945 the IMF has worked to promote global economic and financial stability and encouraging more open economies, and encourage more open economies through trade liberalisation programmes and opening up to FDI - as of January 2012, the largest borrowers from the IMF in order were Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Romania and Ukraine) - the IMF has been criticised for promoting a 'western' model of economic development that works in the interests of developed countries and their TNCS

Answer 28

an amount of stock that is agreed that can be brought into a country in a set time period

Answer 29

high level of quotas, import/export tax, tariffs, protect American trade - is a way for a country to try protect itself from foreign companies investing in their company

Answer 30

when you make more money on the exports that you spend on your imported good

Answer 31

- its aim is to allow free trade between countries - it is made up of 3 countries: USA, Canada and Mexico - it has allowed for free flow of goods and encourage migration between countries - the issues it faces are that USA is the dominant country which can cause conflict and trump wants a wall

Answer 32

the EU ASEAN

Answer 33

they have contributed to globalisation through the promotion of free trade policies and FDI. these include: the WB, IMF and WTO

Answer 34

- if a foreign firm is located abroad, for exporting you will have to pay tax, as seen by apple when delivering to the UK - the higher the export tax, the less investors - trade blocs aims to remove these barriers between countries involved - the very nature of trade is orchestrated to disadvantage poor countries (frank's dependency theory)

Answer 35

when company owns another company in a different company

Answer 36

-offshoring -> hiring external organization -perform some business functions - usually countries with lower labour cost -foreign mergers -> 2 firms in diff countries join forces -> single entity -foreign acquisitions- when TNC launches takeover of company in another country -transfer pricing -> putting profits in terriorties where tax rates - more favourable

Answer 37

taxes paid when importing/ exporting goods

Answer 38

enclaves where investors recieve special tax, tariff ®ulatory incentives to attract foreign TNCs.

Answer 39

- SEZs -> clustering of TNC's -> agglomeration -> trickle down effect, benefitting the area. - SEZs are used by some countries to attract FDI, spreading globalisation to new regions - Successful SEZs need good infrastructure, close proximity to trade routes or emerging markets - they are tariff and quota free, allowing manufactured goods to be exported at no cost - Taxes are usually very low, and often there is a tax-free period of up to 10 years, after a business invests.

Answer 40

when TNC's contract another company to produce goods, services rather than doing it themsleves

Answer 41

businesses whose operations are spread across the world

Answer 42

unifying and diversifying a place -people using increasingly similar: food, clothes, music, values - many of which are 'western' in origin (maccies) (from North America and Europe)

Answer 43

growth of trading blocs (EU, NAFTA) -> allows TNC's to merge and make firms in neighbouring countries

Answer 44

-wto have failed to stpo worlds richest countries (USA, UK) assisting their own food producers -harmful to farmers in developing countries who want to trade on a level playing field

Answer 45

-free-market liberalisation -privatisation -encouraging business-start-ups

Answer 46

collect data relating to : economic globalisation (trade & FDI) political globalisation (no. of foreign embassies, peace-keeping missions) social, cultural globalisation (imports, exports of books, houses with tvs)

globalisation Flashcards

(70 cards)