DSM-5 Flashcards by Mark Alonzo

Some Changes

The Multiaxial System (5 axis) has been removed. Diagnoses are listed in terms of priority. Categories have been reorganized. *Includes various age groups. *Specify the severity.

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What is a clinical diagnosis?

An assessment of criteria/symptoms; causes distress with daily activities and relationships; impairment in areas of functioning.

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Neurodevelopmental Disorders:

Intellectual Disability/ Intellectual Developmental Disorder (Previously Mental Retardation)

Cognitive functioning (confirmed by IQ testing) and adaptive functioning is needed in order to properly diagnose.
Adaptive Functioning Deficit Include 3 Domains:
1. Conceptual (learning/academics)
2. Social (peer interactions & communication)
3. Practical (personal care)
See pg. 34-36 of DSM-5 Manual
Severity: mild, moderate, severe, or profound
Severity is based on adaptive functioning and not IQ

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Neurodevelopmental Disorders:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Combination of DSM-4 TR diagnoses, such as autism and Asperger’s
No longer pervasive Develop disorder
Symptoms must be present since early childhood
Based on 2 Core Domains:
1. Deficits in social communication and social interaction: failure to hold a conversation, reduced sharing of interests, failure to initiate social interactions, lack of eye contact, lack of facial expressions, maintaining and understanding relationships, and absence of interest in peers
2. Restrictive, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests or activates: motor stereotypes, lining up toys, inflexible routines, distress at small changes, and strong attachment
Severity Based on Support: pg. 52 of DSM-5:
Level 1 (requiring support)
Level 2 (requiring substantial support)
Level 3 (requiring very substantial support)
This is based on the amount of support needed due to ASD challenges

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Neurodevelopmental Disorders:

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Note how criteria may include various age groups.
Inattention Symptoms: Fails to pay attention or misses details related to school, work, and activities. Fails to finish schoolwork or misses deadlines at work. Difficulty staying organized and forgetful.
Hyperactivity Symptoms: Often fidgets, taps hands, squirms in seat, leaves classroom or workplace, often runs or climbs in situations where inappropriate, talk excessively, and difficulty waiting his or her turn.

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Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Schizophrenia

Disturbance persists for at least 6 months or greater
2 Symptoms are always needed: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking (speech), and disorganized or catatonic behavior

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Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Schizophreniform

Same symptoms of Schizophrenia
Duration is at least 1 month and less than 6 months
Triggered by Turmoil or High stress in several areas of daily functioning

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Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Schizoaffective Disorder

-Same symptoms of Schizophrenia with major depressive, manic, or mixed episode

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Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Brief Psychotic Disorder

Psychotic episode at least 1 day, but less than 1 month

- Delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech/behaviors

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Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Delusional Disorder

The presence of one or more delusions for 1 month or greater
Bizarre and irrational beliefs
Specify types:
Persecutory: being maliciously treated
Grandiose: false belief that one is a genius, has special powers, or abilities (delusion of grandeur)

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Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Similarities and Differences: Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform, Schizoaffective disorder, and
Brief Psychotic Disorder

Similarities: they all have similar symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, etc.)
Differences: Schizophrenia (6 months or greater), Schizophreniform (less than 6 months), Schizoaffective (involves mood episodes) and Brief Psychotic Disorder (less than 1 month)

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Bipolar and Related Disorders: Bipolar I

Manic-depression
1 or more manic episodes with abnormally elevated, irritable mood, pressured speech, excessive pleasurable, high-risk activity, cycling between mania and depression

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Bipolar and Related Disorders: Bipolar II

-Major depressive episodes with at least 1 hypomanic episode (less manic)

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Bipolar and Related Disorders: Cyclothymic Disorder

-Chronic, fluctuating mood with many hypomanic and mild depressive symptoms

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Depressive Disorders: Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Diagnosed in children up to age 18
Persistent irritability and anger
Frequent severe temper outbursts, occurring 3 or more times a week, occurs in at least 2/3 settings

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Depressive Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder

Significant weight loss/gain, insomnia/excessive sleep, loss of interest, sad, empty, worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide
Evaluate for depression or suicide when you identify key symptoms of depression
Duration of symptoms: 2 weeks or more

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Depressive Disorders: Persistent Depressive Disorder

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Dysthymia
Chronic Depression: Symptoms are less severe than major depression
Low energy , low self-esteem, and fatigue
Duration of symptoms: 2 years or more

Anxiety Disorders: Separation Anxiety

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Includes adults
Persistent and excessive distress when separated from home or major attachment figure/s
Children experience: clinging, school refusal, sleep refusal (unless that person is nearby)
At least 4 weeks in children and adolescents
In adults must be at least 6 months
could be any significant relationships, sibling, spouse, and adult child
Persistent worry about major attachment figures

Anxiety Disorders: Panic disorder

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Brief recurrent intense fear and panic attacks
May include palpitations, sweating, feelings of choking, dizziness, numbness, fear of “going crazy,” and fear of dying

Anxiety Disorders: Agoraphobia

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-Fear of being in public spaces, enclosed spaces, standing in a crowd, and outside of the home

Anxiety Disorders: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

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Excessive worry about a number of events or activities
Restlessness, mind going blank, muscle tension, and sleep issues
May experience sweating, nausea, headache, and stomach ache
Duration of symptoms: at least 6 months or greater

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders:

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Intrusive recurrent thoughts or compulsive behaviors (hand washing and ordering) and mental (counting and repeating words)
Time-consuming cause impairment in daily activities

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Hoarding Disorder

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New in DSM-5
Difficulty discarding or parting with possessions and regardless of their actual value
Living in an overly congested and cluttered life surrounded by an accumulation of possessions

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Trichotillomania

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The compulsive urge to pull out one’s own hair leading to noticeable hair loss

Trauma-and Stressors-Related Disorders: Reactive attachment

- Lack of attachment to caregiver | - Ex. Foster care children (no empathy)

Trauma-and Stressors-Related Disorders: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

- Re-experiencing/re-calling a severe trauma, nightmares, and flashbacks - Have symptoms for 1 month or more - Symptoms usually start within 3 months of the event

Trauma-and Stressors-Related Disorders: Acute Stress Disorder

- Occurs within 1 month of experiencing a trauma, and severe anxiety and dissociative symptoms - May include: directly experiencing, witnessing, or learning about an event

Trauma-and Stressors-Related Disorders: Adjustment Disorder

- Emotional or behavioral symptoms responding to a sudden stressor - Occurs within 3 months of stressor/s - May include: with depressed moods, with anxiety, with mixed anxiety and depressed mood

Somatic Symptoms and Related Disorders: Major changes- ILLNESS ANXIETY DISORDER

- Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness - No physical symptoms present - Repeatedly checks for signs of illness (specify whether: seek medical attention or rarely use/avoid doctors) - Previously hypochondriasis

Somatic Symptoms and Related Disorders: Major changes- Somatic Symptom Disorder

- 1 or more somatic symptoms that cause distress - Persistent thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in relation to somatic complaints, without medical evidence of illness - Specify: mild, moderate, and severe

Somatic Symptoms and Related Disorders: Major changes- Conversion Disorder

- Alters motor or sensory function - Neurosensory symptoms - Physical pain/symptoms with no medical cause due to stress/emotional conflict - Symptoms: Numbness, paralysis, and loss of sensation

Somatic Symptoms and Related Disorders: Major changes Major changes- Factitious Disorder (FD)

- FD imposed on self - Intentionally produce or faking physical or emotional symptoms for attention-seeking purposes - FD imposed on another: (previously by proxy) the abuse of another/ falsification of physical or psychological symptoms in another, typically a child, in order to seek attention or sympathy for the abuser

Somatic Symptoms and Related Disorders: Major changes-Malingering

- Condition associated with FD - Fake an illness for a personal gain or purpose - Ex: Fake an illness or faking an injury to collect disability payment

Disruptive, Impulsive-Control, Conduct and Disorder: Oppositional Defiant Disorder

- Duration at least 6 months or greater - Loses temper. annoying, verbal, easily annoyed, often argues with adults/authority figures, does not follow rules, blames others, and spiteful or vindictive behaviors

Disruptive, Impulsive-Control, Conduct and Disorder: Conduct Disorder

- Serious violations - Violates other rights, bullies, shoplifts, and truancy, - Aggression towards people and animals - Cruel to animals - Deliberate fire setting with intentions to cause damage - Criminal behavior

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: Gambling Disorder

- New in DSM-5 - Gambling behavior leading to problems in daily activities - Jeopardizes significant relationships and other areas of everyday life

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: Substance Use Disorders

- Cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms | - Includes: alcohol, stimulant (cocaine), cannabis, tobacco, hallucinogen use disorder

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: Alcohol Use Disorder

- Problematic pattern of alcohol use that causes impairment or distress - Taking larger amounts, higher tolerance, and failure to fulfill obligations at work, home, or school

Neurocognitive Disorders (ND): Delirium

- Disturbance in attention, awareness, consciousness, and disoriented (medical issues) - Develops over a short period of time (hours-days) - Medical or substance induced - Dehydration, head trauma, and malnutrition

Neurocognitive Disorders (ND): Major and Mild ND

- Combined dementia and amnestic | - Graph in DSM-5, pg.593

Neurocognitive Disorders (ND): Major ND

- Significant decline in cognitive domains: such as complex attention (difficulty with multiple stimuli), executive functioning (decision-making), learning and memory (requires frequent reminder), language (recalling names), perceptual-motor (difficulty driving and walking at night), or social cognition (identifying emotions), and chronic - Specify: Include the medical condition: Alzheimer's, traumatic brain injury, HIV, Parkinson's, or medical condition

Neurocognitive Disorders (ND): Mild ND

- Modest cognitive decline from a previous level in cognitive domains: complex attention (errors in routine tasks), executive functioning (difficulty multitasking), learning and memory (difficulty recalling events), language (word-finding difficulty), perceptual-motor (rely on others for directions), or social cognition (decrease in recognizing social cues) - Specify: Alzheimer's, traumatic brain injury, HIV, Parkinson's, or medical condition

DSM-5 Flashcards

(42 cards)