Universality
Helps people see that what they are going through is universal and that they are not alone
Catharsis or Abreaction
Venting feelings to group members help relieve pain, guilt, or stress
Preaffiliation
Ambivalence, testing, seeking approval.
Leader: Must establish authority and discuss guidelines
Power and Control
Struggle over control of the group, conflict occurs among subgroups
Intimacy
Conflicts diminish, sense of “we-ness” increases, norms and roles become clear, Cohesion
Differentiation
Freedom of personal expression, improved group skills in analyzing & working through problems
Separation
Group achieves termination