DTM

Question 1

Describe the population structure in stage 1 of the DTM…

Answer 1

high BR
high DR
low population

Question 2

Describe the population structure in stage 2 of the DTM…

Answer 2

high BR
falling DR
rapidly increasing population

Question 3

Describe the population structure in stage 3 of the DTM…

Answer 3

decreasing BR
decreasing DR
slowly rising population

Question 4

Describe the population structure in stage 4 of the DTM…

Answer 4

low BR
low DR
stable population

Question 5

Describe the population structure in stage 5 of the DTM…

Answer 5

very low BR
low DR
population falling (natural decrease)

Question 6

Why is there a high BR and high DR in stage 1 countries?

Answer 6

• poor technology and no contraception
• high IMR so high FR
• high DR as no healthcare

Question 7

Why is there a falling DR in stage 2 countries?

Answer 7

• education on basic sanitation
• imported knowledge from HICs

Question 8

Why is there a falling BR and falling DR in stage 3 countries?

Answer 8

• more working women
• medical services such as vaccination

Question 9

Why is there a low BR and low DR in stage 4 countries?

Answer 9

• high cost of raising children
• women focus on careers
• advanced medical provision

Question 10

Why is there natural decrease in stage 5 countries?

Answer 10

• ageing population
• higher life expectancy
• higher DR than BR as older population

Question 11

What are 3 limitations of the DTM?

Answer 11

• assumes all countries develop
• assumes countries develop at the same rate
• assumes (before 5th stage) that populations wont decline
• assumes all countries follow same BR patterns (eg China’s 1 child policy)
• assumes countries can’t go backwards

Question 12

What is demographic dividend?

Answer 12

a higher working age population relative to the number of dependents, allows for economic growth

Question 13

What are the benefits of a youthful population?

Answer 13

• more fit so more manual labour
• look after dependents

Question 14

What are the disadvantages of a youthful population?

Answer 14

• informal sector so less taxes
• emigration (BUT remittances)

Question 15

What is the FR in The Gambia?

Answer 15

4.78 / women

Question 16

What is the Youth dependency ratio in the Gambia?

Answer 16

87.8%

Question 17

What is the DR in The Gambia?

Answer 17

7/1000

Question 18

What is the FR in Japan?

Answer 18

1.39 per women

Question 19

What is the elderly dependency ratio in Japan?

Answer 19

42.7%

Question 20

What are the issues with an ageing population?

Answer 20

• more expensive services
• less workers (have to adapt to older population)

Question 21

What are the benefits of an ageing population?

Answer 21

• provide childcare
• education for younger generations