Dysgraphia

Question 1

What is apraxic dysgraphia?

Answer 1

Common with other apraxias. Better at spelling aloud and using keyboard. Cannot form letters when writing, even copying.

Question 2

What is Deep Dysgraphia?

Answer 2

Impaired semantic route so semantic errors in writing. Access to orthographic output lexicon from SS impaired and phonological-to-graphemic conversion also impaired.

Semantic errors in writing but not other modalities.
Non-word writing impaired.

Question 2

What is surface dysgraphia?

Answer 2

Impairment to lexically mediated writing (reliance on knowledge of speech sounds to spell). Therefore, spell words phonemically (caught is “cort”).
Homophone confusion
Regularisation errors e.g. answer as “anser”

Question 3

What is phonological dysgraphia?

Answer 3

Good at real words, impaired nonword writing to dictation. Impaired phonological to grapheme conversion.
If there are errors with real words usiallu morphological e.g. ‘t’ for -ed.

Question 4

Impairment of graphemic output buffer

Answer 4

Affects all writing and spelling tasks. Written naming, writing to dictation, typing, copying

Difficulties with both non and real words (nonwords worse)

Length effects (longer words harder than shorter)

Generalised spelling errors (additions, transpositions)