E4: thyroid

Question 1

endocrine glands general functions

Answer 1

• take up precursor molecules
• synthesize hormones
• store hormones
• release hormones into the ECF (rapid release)

Question 2

general causes of endocrine gland problems

Answer 2

1. glad dysfunction:
2. failure of feedback system
3. failure of receptors on target cells

Question 3

what are three causes of gland dysfunction

Answer 3

• trauma/destruction
• tumors
• autoimmune

Question 4

KNOW PG 4.12 OF HANDOUT PACKET

Answer 4

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 5

which loop is the main loop

Answer 5

the short loop

Question 6

hypothyroidism

Answer 6

deficiency of thyroid hormone resulting in slowed body metabolism (myxedema)

Question 7

cause of hypothyrodism

Answer 7

• congenital (cretinism)
• post hyperthyroid treatment
• defective hormone synthesis (autoimmune, drug-induced, iodine def)
• insufficient stimulation

Question 8

patho chain of hypothyroidism

Answer 8

hypothalamus–> T.R.H–> ant. pituitary–> TSH–> thyroid–> decreased T3, T4 to the cells–> decreased cell metabolism and decreased response to SNS stimulation

Question 9

clinical mani of hypothyroidism

Answer 9

• enlarged thyroid (goiter)(thyroid increases mass due to TSH)
• related to slow body metabolism:
• –wt gain
• –dry skin and hair
• –lethargy
• –forgetfulness
• –depression
• –constipation
• –sensitivity to cold
• –slow movements
• –edema
• –decreased response to SNS=decreased HR

Question 10

main feedback loop in hypothyroidism

Answer 10

short loop (main loop) something causes less thyroid hormones to be released into blood stream (t3-T4 –» ant pit to stimulate and increase production of TSH)(will cause an increase of TSH)

Question 11

hyperthyroidism

Answer 11

excess thyroid hormone resulting in increased metabolic rate and an increased sensitivity to stimulation by the SNS

Question 12

with hypothyroidism, what will lab values look like?

Answer 12

• low T3 and T4
• high TSH (prob with thyroid)
• low TSH ( prob above thyroid)

Question 13

cause of hyperthyroidism

Answer 13

• tumors
• increased TSH
• genetic
• autoimmune

Question 14

main feedback loop in hyperthyroidim

Answer 14

short loop: something causes too much thyroid hormone to be released causing an increased cell matabolism and increased response to SNS stimulation
(T3 and T4–» ant pit to inhibit production of TSH)

Question 15

what are the labs going to look like in hyperthyroid if the problem is the thyroid itself

Answer 15

• increased T3, T4

- decreased TSH

Question 16

clinical mani of hypothyroidism

Answer 16

• enlarged thyroid (takes up iodine and makes it big)
• Related to increased metab:
• -wt loss
• -restlessness
• -quick movements
• -insomnia
• -sweating, flushing, warm skin
• -intolerance to heat
• -exopthalamus (eye bulging)
• -diarrhea
• -increased response to SNS= increases HR, CO

Question 17

what is special in lab values for hypothyroidism

Answer 17

RAIU (give amt of radioactive iodine and watch how much the iodine takes up, if it uses it up quick it is hyper)

Question 18

thyroid storm/thyrotoxic crisis

Answer 18

hyperthyroidism to a severe degree

Question 19

thyroid storm S/S

Answer 19

• high fever
• severe tachy
• irritability
• delirium