ECG

Question 1

which leads are limb leads

Answer 1

leads 1, 2, 3, avr, avf

Question 2

which leads are precordial leads

Answer 2

V1-6

Question 3

what amplitude is a small box

Answer 3

0.1mV

Question 4

what amplitude is a large box

Answer 4

0.5mV

Question 5

what duration is a small box

Answer 5

0.04s

Question 6

what duration is a big box

Answer 6

0.2s

Question 7

which strip records electrical activity for 10s

Answer 7

rhythm strip

Question 8

what is the normal conduction speed of the sinus node

Answer 8

60-100bpm

Question 9

what is the normal conduction speed of the AV node

Answer 9

40-60

Question 10

what is the normal conduction speed of ventricular myocardium

Answer 10

30-40

Question 11

what is the QS complex

Answer 11

if the QRS complex only has 1 large negative deflection

Question 12

what are some potential causes of the U wave

Answer 12

ventricular afterdepolarizations- electrolyte abnormalities, underlying cardiomyopathies, MI

Question 13

where does the ST seg start and end

Answer 13

end of QRS to beginning of T wave

Question 14

what is the J point

Answer 14

junction between end of QRS and beginning of ST segment

Question 15

what is the PR interval

Answer 15

onset of P wave to osnet of QRS

Question 16

what does the PR interval represent

Answer 16

delay period in conduction at AV node to allow ventricular filling in diastole

Question 17

what is a normal PR interval

Answer 17

120-200

Question 18

what is a normal QRS interval

Answer 18

120

Question 19

qhat is defined as the QT interval

Answer 19

start of QRS to end of T wave

Question 20

what is a normal QT interval in males and females

Answer 20

F = 340-480
M <460

Question 21

what Qt interval could develop into TdP

Answer 21

> 500

Question 22

what is the TP segment

Answer 22

end of T wave to beginning of next P wave
isoelectric point where ventricule is fully repolarized

Question 23

what is normal sinus

Answer 23

rhythm generated by sinus node = typical P wave morphology

Question 24

what is a clinically significant sinus pause

Answer 24

> 3s = fainting

Question 25

what is an ectopic atrial ryhtm

Answer 25

atria activated from different spot that is not the sinus node may have negative P wave in leads 1, 2, aVF

Question 26

what causes a saw tooth pattern

Answer 26

atrial flutter

Question 27

which leads may show some regularized atrial activity in a fib??

Answer 27

V1 and V2

Question 28

what is asystole

Answer 28

cessation of electrical adn mechanical cardiac activity >3s in ventricles

Question 29

what is tachy brady sx

Answer 29

tachy and abnormalities in underlying conduction system = sig bradycardia when not in fast rhythm

Question 30

what is supraventrciular tachycardia

Answer 30

narrow complex tachycardia in absence of sinus tachy, a fib, and a flutter

Question 31

what is the rhythm driving supraventricular tachycardia

Answer 31

rhythm originates above ventricles in absence of sinus tachycardia, a flutter, and involves an accessory pathway

Question 32

what are some ECG features of SVT

Answer 32

HR >100, regular rhythm, narrow QRS complex ,120 msec, usually sudden onset/ termination

Question 33

what is 1st degree AV block

Answer 33

all donducts to ventricles but some delay at level of AV node PR interval >200msec

Question 34

1st degree AV block is usually a ___ risk feature seen in __________

Answer 34

low risk feature high vagal tone or secondary to AV nodal blocking agents or conducting disease

Question 35

2nd degree AV block is when

Answer 35

there is conduction to the ventricles once in a while

Question 36

what is type 1 second degree AV block

Answer 36

prolongation then drop low risk

Question 37

what is type 2 seconod degree AV block

Answer 37

no prolongation, just drop high risk to progressing to complete heart block

Question 38

what is 3rd degree AV block

Answer 38

complete block- no conduction at all to ventricles warrents emergent care + eventual permanent pacemaker implant if no reversible etiology

Question 39

what are premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)

Answer 39

QRS complexes that are earlier than expected + not preceeded by a P wave electrical activity originates in ventricles

Question 40

what would the width of a QRS in a PVC be expected to be

Answer 40

wider

Question 41

what is a normal axis in lead 1 and 2

Answer 41

+ and +

Question 42

what is left axis in lead 1 and 2

Answer 42

+/-

Question 43

what is right axis in lead 1 and aVF

Answer 43

- and +

Question 44

what is extreme axis in lead 1 and aVF

Answer 44

- and -

Question 45

whawt does a short PR interval represent

Answer 45

preexcitation

Question 46

what does RBBB look like on lead V1

Answer 46

bunny ears

Question 47

what does LBBB look like in V1

Answer 47

negative QRS

Question 48

what does ventricular tachycardia look like

Answer 48

3 or more ventricular beats in a row

Question 49

RA enlargement can be seen on the P wave as

Answer 49

>2.5mm amplitude in lead 2

Question 50

which leads represent a view of the lateral heart

Answer 50

1, aVL, V5, V6

Question 51

which leads represent a view of the inferior heart

Answer 51

2, 3, aVF

Question 52

which leads represent a view of the anterior heart

Answer 52

V3, V4

Question 53

which leads take a septal/ anterior view of the heart

Answer 53

V1, V2

Question 54

in pericarditis, the ST segment is

Answer 54

concave upwards

Question 55

which of the following is NOT a RF for PAD 1. diabetes 2. hypertension 3. high lipids 4. alcohol use

Answer 55

4

Question 56

what is the most appropriate first step to rule out PAD

Answer 56

ankle brachial index

Question 57

what is the best tx for PAD

Answer 57

exercise