CNP > EEG > Flashcards

EEG Flashcards

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1
Q

how early can you see photic driving?

A

as early as 3-4 months

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2
Q

syncope characteristics

A

-asynchronous and multifocal shaking
-brief
-rarely prolonged postictal

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3
Q

EEG changes during syncope

A

diffuse high amplitude slowing –> suppression –> reapperance of slowing –> normal

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4
Q

V waves and K complexes first appear when

A

~5 months

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5
Q

how are vertex waves different during infancy?

A

more frontally predominant

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6
Q

what are shut eye waves

A

seen in occipital region following the onset of eye blinks
-surface negative, high amplitude
*kids <10 years old

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7
Q

what ages do you see FAR?

A

2-4 years

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8
Q

in kids what do you see on EEG when there is arousal from sleep?

A

hypopompic hypersynchrony

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9
Q

in older kids 6-12 what do you see on EEG when there is arousal from sleep?

A

shorter duration of hi voltage theta

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10
Q

at 37-40 weeks what do you see in AS and QS

A

AS- lower voltage and mixed theta/delta frequency
QS- trace alternans –> SWS

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11
Q

unilateral focal slowing during HV is always

A

abnormal

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12
Q

do primary generalized epileptic myoclonus have giant SSEPS

A

no

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13
Q

SREDA location

A

temporo-parietal

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14
Q

SREDA characterization

A

-theta frequencies in older adults
-rest, drowsy, HV
-evolves
-nonspecific

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15
Q

when are BRE discharges activated the most

A

NREM

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16
Q

angelman syndrome EEG

A

-resembles hysparrhythmia but no fragmentation during sleep
-runs of rhy high amplitude theta/delta
-intermixed discharges
-tremor is common - EMG artifact
-laughing does not have ictal correlate

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17
Q

absence seizures- do they have loss of postural control

A

no

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18
Q

RMTD

A

-monomorphic
-can be sharply contoured or notched
-drowsy or light sleep

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19
Q

how to distinguish tonic vs atonic sz on EEG

A

tonic–EMG artifact
*both have electrodecrement

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20
Q

HV induced slowing characteristics

A

-abrupt or gradual build up
-theta/delta freq
-resolves within 1 min of stopping HV

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21
Q

what do you see at 29 weeks?

A

trace discontinue
-very discontinue EEG with prolonged periods of flat

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22
Q

at 35-37 weeks multifocal sharps are replaced with?

A

frontal sharp transients

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23
Q

alpha coma has a worse prognosis if it is associated with

A

anoxic brain injury
better outcme if toxic metabolic

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24
Q

photo-paroxysmal response

A

discharges without clinical correlate

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25
photo-convulsive response
discharges with clinical correlate
26
photomyoclonic response
widespread muscle twitching timed to the stimulus
27
photoelectric response
changes in the anterior channels that resolve with shielding the electrode from light *reaction between the electrode - paste complex
28
photic driving
posterior head regions, time locked to photic stimulus and occuring at the same frequency as the stimulus frequency
29
the slow wave in SW represents what
prolonged HYPERPOLARIZATION of cortical neurons
30
spikes are what
synchronous depolarization of neurons within 6 cm squared of cortex
31
sharp waves are
result from synchronous depolarization of a small pool of neurons or neurons further away from the recording electrode
32
NCL-2 EEG
photoparoxsysmal response to low flicker rate 1-3 Hz
33
GRDA with bifrontal predominance (previously FIRDA)
GRAY MATTER DYSFUNCTION -toxic metabolic usually -mistaken for eye movements
34
focal delta from slow growing tumors is due to what
involvement of white matter
35
LKS EEG findings
discharges and slow wave abnl in NREM
36
alpha frequency is higher over the dominant or nondominant hemi?
nondom
37
alpha squeak
transient faster alpha after eye closure
38
what is the frequency of the GPDs in CJD?
every 1 to 2 sec
39
what is the frequency of GPDs in SSPE?
every 5-7 seconds
40
SSPE EEG findings
-periodic complexes, high amplitude and bisynchronous and symmetrical delta -FIRDA, SW, electrodecremental periods
41
OIRDA is associated with?
absence epilepsy
42
TIRDA is associated with?
temporal seizures
43
eyelid myoclonia with absences EEG
immediately after eye closure and is more frequent in bright light brief bilateral SW
44
PME EEG
-occipital spikes with photic
45
West syndrome EEG
hypsarrythmia, electrodecrement and spasms
46
LGS
slow SW but can have faster frequencies in sleep
47
Dravet EEG
generalized polyspike wave complexes, prominent unilaterally and occurs in clusters
48
earliest when AS and QS can be differentiated?
35 weeks
49
14-6
-children and adolescents -posterior temporal region -POSITIVE polarity -light sleep
50
what happens with alpha during mental tasks
attenuates
51
theta does what during mental tasks
can see a well developed theta in the frontal midline region
52
does sEEG have low or high impedence
low
53
reye syndrome is associated with what
14 and 6
54
where is delta brush in babies located
centrally
55
sharply contoured theta in babies
disappear around 32-36
56
what happens to REMsleep in the first year of life in terms of duration
decreases
57
do blind people have posts
no
58
"mitten like" EEG pattern?
6 Hz phantom spike
59
6 Hz phantom spike pattern
-small low voltage spike (less than 30 microvolt) and short duration (less than 30 ms) -disappears during deeper stages of sleep **different from epi discharge **mitten like
60
at term total sleep is about what %
50%, mostly AS
61
alexander disease woud have what on EEG
bifrontal slowing *anterior predominant leukodystrophy
62
posterior slow waves of youth age
2-6 year
63
SREDA- do you see it during photic
no, but in HV you do
64
ciganek rhythm
midline (vertex, Cz) theta in wakefulness and drowsiness
65
RMTD in children can be
long trains of activity
66
spikes have what kind of upslope and downslope
steep upslope and gradual downslope
67
what EEG patterns do you see in mitochondrial disorders?
-discharges with occipital predominance or generalized -enhanced with IPS -periodic or pseudoperiodic sharp waves or epilepsia partialis continua in MELAS
68
OIRDA
-"Phi rhythm" -6-16 years -act by HV, IPHS, eye closure drowsiness
69
if someone has unilateral blindness since birth where do you see the occipital spikes
IPSILATERALLY -also see loss of PDR, lambda, driving
70
can a photoparoxysmal response be seen in patients without epilepsy
yes -seen in focal and gen epilepsies
71
30 weeks gestation sleep
AS- continue theta/delta QS - trace discontinu
72
hypersalvaiton semiology
operculum
73
when does trace discontinue expect to resolve
36 weeks
74
cone waves
-occipital slow waves -appear in infancy and persist thru mid childhood prominent in n2 and n3
75
cornea is pos or neg charged
positive compared to retina
76
delta brush in an infant are analogous to what in adults
k complexes
77
delta brush start when in premature kids
26 weeks
78
at 29-33 weeks delta brush occur primarily during what sleep
AS
79
at 33-38 weeks delta brush primarily occur during what sleep
QS
80
dyshormia
epi discharges combined with sleep architecture *can be seen in pt without epilepsy *lowers sz threshold
81
scalp EEG voltage
100-100 microvolt
82
ECOG voltage
500-1500 microvolt
83
hypoglycemia can enhance what?
HV induced slowing and generalized discharges
84
BSS/BETS characteristics
-steep descending limb -disappear during deep stages of sleep -anterior or temp location
85
what happens during hysparrhythmia during ictal spams
disappears/improves
86
what is paradoxical alpha rhythm
appearence of alpha of posterior alpha frequencies iso open eyes and drowsiness
87
SSS/BETS duration and voltage
<50 ms and < 50 microvolt
88
GPDS in CJD
-0.5 - 2 Hz -disappear during sleep, sedation and stimulation
89
variant CJD - do GPDs occur?
no
90
Heidenhain variant CJD
GPDs localized in occipital region
91
what does chloral hydrate do
-used to induce sleep -conscious sedation -induces fast activity on EEG
92
spindles in infancy
more central-parietal predominance with shifting asymmetry
93
extreme spindles
6-18 hz more in kids with cerebral palsy or delay
94
hv induced high amplitude rhythmic slowing
-no eye fluttering -can have behavioral arrest, starring, automatisms, yawning, fidgeting
95
occipital transients during REM in infants
2 HZ at 6 weeks 2-4 hz at 12 weeks
96
when do you see hypnagogic hypersynchorny
6-8 months
97
encoches frontalis
-check mark morphology -normal in 28-42 weeks
98
what muscle is most associated with photomyogenic response
frontalis
99
mu rhythm represents what
resting rhythm of pre and post rolandic cortex 8-12 hz arciform
100
subdermal electrodes vs scalp
-higher impedence -less skin breakdown -smaller contact area
101
phi rhythm
OIRDA in kids
102
rho waves
POSTs
103
sigma activity
sleep spindles and activity in the 11-15 hz range
104
ripples
activity >70 Hz
105
fast ripples
250 - 500 hz activity
106
what type of stroke are LPDs associated with
embolic
107
absence of delta rhythms in area of infarcted tissue means course will like be benign or bad
benign
108
wickets
-in awake, light sleep and REM -midtemp region -independently L and R
109
in a term infant, what are changes in EEG that show reactivity
-flattening -changes in amplitude and frequency
110
pdr is first appreciable when
3-4 months
111
where are sphenoidals placed
lateral to foramen ovale
112
what potentials do sphenoids pick up
similar to FT 9 and FT 10
113
what sleep stages do you see hypogogic hypersynchrony
n1 to n2
114
is pdr attenuated or accentuated during mental tasks
attenuated
115
ctenoids are
14 and 6 hz
116
where do you see ctenoids/14 and 6
-posterior temp -comb shaped -more in kids
117
HV induced slowing is enhanced in what position
upright
118
electrodecrement pattern is seen in what type of seizures
atonic, tonic, spasms *not myoclonic
119
postictal nose wipe lateralizes to what side
ipsilateral
120
frequency and interpeak duration formula
frequency = 1000 ms (1 sec) / interpeak duration (ms)
121
are neonatal seizures ever generalized
no - brains are too premature, usually focal or multifocal *sz are not seen in neonates less than 34 week
122
WHAM
wake, high amplitude, anterior, male ***more associated with seizures
123
FOLD
female, occipital, low amplitude, drowsiness *neuroautonomic disturbances
124
needlelike occipital spikes are seen in that population
blind children
125
cone waves
surface positive
126
EEG in huntingtons disease
low voltage
127
burst suppression ratio
suppression length / (suppression length + burst length)
128
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