1
Q
Front
A
Back
2
Q
Normal Sinus Rhythm
A
Regular rhythm, 60–100 bpm, P before QRS
3
Q
Sinus Bradycardia
A
Rate <60 bpm, regular rhythm
4
Q
Sinus Tachycardia
A
Rate >100 bpm, regular rhythm
5
Q
Atrial Fibrillation
A
Irregularly irregular, no P waves
6
Q
Atrial Flutter
A
Sawtooth F-waves, regular or variable conduction
7
Q
SVT
A
Narrow QRS, 150–250 bpm
8
Q
Junctional Rhythm
A
Rate 40–60 bpm, inverted/absent P waves
9
Q
Accelerated Junctional
A
Rate 60–100 bpm, inverted/absent P waves
10
Q
Idioventricular Rhythm
A
Wide QRS, rate 20–40 bpm
11
Q
Accelerated Idioventricular
A
Wide QRS, rate 40–100 bpm
12
Q
Ventricular Tachycardia
A
Wide QRS, fast, regular
13
Q
Ventricular Fibrillation
A
Chaotic, no P/QRS/T
14
Q
Asystole
A
Flatline, no electrical activity
15
Q
PVC
A
Wide, premature QRS
16
Q
Bigeminy
A
PVC every other beat
17
Q
Trigeminy
A
PVC every third beat
18
Q
Quadrigeminy
A
PVC every fourth beat
19
Q
Couplet
A
Two consecutive PVCs
20
Q
Triplet
A
Three consecutive PVCs
21
Q
PAC
A
Early beat with abnormal P wave
22
Q
PJC
A
Early beat with inverted/absent P wave
23
Q
1st Degree Block
A
PR > 0.20 sec
24
Q
Mobitz I (Wenckebach)
A
PR lengthens until QRS drops
25
Mobitz II
Fixed PR with random drops
26
3rd Degree Block
No relationship between P & QRS
27
Bundle Branch Block
Wide QRS (>0.12 sec)
28
RBBB
RSR’ pattern in V1 (bunny ears)
29
LBBB
Broad QS or monophasic R in V1
30
Torsades de Pointes
Polymorphic VT, twisting pattern
31
Lead I view
Left lateral wall
32
Lead II view
Inferior wall
33
Lead III view
Inferior wall
34
aVL view
High lateral wall
35
aVF view
Inferior wall
36
aVR view
Right atrium/basal area
37
V1 view
Septal wall
38
V2 view
Septal wall
39
V3 view
Anterior wall
40
V4 view
Anterior wall
41
V5 view
Lateral wall
42
V6 view
Lateral wall
43
ST Elevation meaning
Possible acute MI
44
ST Depression meaning
Ischemia or reciprocal changes
45
T-wave inversion meaning
Ischemia or repolarization abnormality
46
Hyperacute T waves
Early MI indicator
47
Pathologic Q waves
Old MI
48
Lateral MI leads
I, aVL, V5, V6
49
Inferior MI leads
II, III, aVF
50
Anterior MI leads
V3, V4
51
Septal MI leads
V1, V2
52
Posterior MI indicators
ST depression in V1–V3
53
Left Axis Deviation
QRS positive in lead I, negative in aVF
54
Right Axis Deviation
QRS negative in lead I, positive in aVF
55
RBBB criteria
RSR’ in V1
56
LBBB criteria
Broad QS in V1, wide QRS
57
12-lead placement V1
4th ICS RSB
58
12-lead placement V4
5th ICS MCL
59
12-lead limb lead rule
RA/LA wrists, RL/LL ankles
60
Wandering Baseline
Caused by breathing or poor skin contact
61
Muscle Tremor Artifact
Shaky, uneven baseline from movement/shivering
62
60-cycle interference
Thick, fuzzy baseline from electrical interference
63
Loose electrode
Intermittent, erratic signal
64
Dry gel artifact
Weak, fading signal
65
Patient movement artifact
Sharp spikes or irregular baseline
66
Lead reversal RA/LA
Inverted lead I
67
Lead reversal RA/LL
Extreme axis deviation
68
V1/V2 swapped
Abnormal septal appearance
69
V5/V6 swapped
Reversed lateral lead appearance
70
Right arm-left leg swap
All limb leads abnormal
71
Poor skin prep
Weak or noisy signal
72
Hair under electrode
Causes poor conduction
73
Sweaty skin
Can cause wandering baseline
74
Broken lead wire
Flatline in one lead but not others
75
Front
Back
76
Normal Sinus Rhythm
Regular rhythm, 60–100 bpm, P before QRS
77
Sinus Bradycardia
Rate <60 bpm, regular rhythm
78
Sinus Tachycardia
Rate >100 bpm, regular rhythm
79
Atrial Fibrillation
Irregularly irregular, no P waves
80
Atrial Flutter
Sawtooth F-waves, regular or variable conduction
81
SVT
Narrow QRS, 150–250 bpm
82
Junctional Rhythm
Rate 40–60 bpm, inverted/absent P waves
83
Accelerated Junctional
Rate 60–100 bpm, inverted/absent P waves
84
Idioventricular Rhythm
Wide QRS, rate 20–40 bpm
85
Accelerated Idioventricular
Wide QRS, rate 40–100 bpm
86
Ventricular Tachycardia
Wide QRS, fast, regular
87
Ventricular Fibrillation
Chaotic, no P/QRS/T
88
Asystole
Flatline, no electrical activity
89
PVC
Wide, premature QRS
90
Bigeminy
PVC every other beat
91
Trigeminy
PVC every third beat
92
Quadrigeminy
PVC every fourth beat
93
Couplet
Two consecutive PVCs
94
Triplet
Three consecutive PVCs
95
PAC
Early beat with abnormal P wave
96
PJC
Early beat with inverted/absent P wave
97
1st Degree Block
PR > 0.20 sec
98
Mobitz I (Wenckebach)
PR lengthens until QRS drops
99
Mobitz II
Fixed PR with random drops
100
3rd Degree Block
No relationship between P & QRS
101
Bundle Branch Block
Wide QRS (>0.12 sec)
102
RBBB
RSR’ pattern in V1 (bunny ears)
103
LBBB
Broad QS or monophasic R in V1
104
Torsades de Pointes
Polymorphic VT, twisting pattern
105
Lead I view
Left lateral wall
106
Lead II view
Inferior wall
107
Lead III view
Inferior wall
108
aVL view
High lateral wall
109
aVF view
Inferior wall
110
aVR view
Right atrium/basal area
111
V1 view
Septal wall
112
V2 view
Septal wall
113
V3 view
Anterior wall
114
V4 view
Anterior wall
115
V5 view
Lateral wall
116
V6 view
Lateral wall
117
ST Elevation meaning
Possible acute MI
118
ST Depression meaning
Ischemia or reciprocal changes
119
T-wave inversion meaning
Ischemia or repolarization abnormality
120
Hyperacute T waves
Early MI indicator
121
Pathologic Q waves
Old MI
122
Lateral MI leads
I, aVL, V5, V6
123
Inferior MI leads
II, III, aVF
124
Anterior MI leads
V3, V4
125
Septal MI leads
V1, V2
126
Posterior MI indicators
ST depression in V1–V3
127
Left Axis Deviation
QRS positive in lead I, negative in aVF
128
Right Axis Deviation
QRS negative in lead I, positive in aVF
129
RBBB criteria
RSR’ in V1
130
LBBB criteria
Broad QS in V1, wide QRS
131
12-lead placement V1
4th ICS RSB
132
12-lead placement V4
5th ICS MCL
133
12-lead limb lead rule
RA/LA wrists, RL/LL ankles
134
Wandering Baseline
Caused by breathing or poor skin contact
135
Muscle Tremor Artifact
Shaky, uneven baseline from movement/shivering
136
60-cycle interference
Thick, fuzzy baseline from electrical interference
137
Loose electrode
Intermittent, erratic signal
138
Dry gel artifact
Weak, fading signal
139
Patient movement artifact
Sharp spikes or irregular baseline
140
Lead reversal RA/LA
Inverted lead I
141
Lead reversal RA/LL
Extreme axis deviation
142
V1/V2 swapped
Abnormal septal appearance
143
V5/V6 swapped
Reversed lateral lead appearance
144
Right arm-left leg swap
All limb leads abnormal
145
Poor skin prep
Weak or noisy signal
146
Hair under electrode
Causes poor conduction
147
Sweaty skin
Can cause wandering baseline
148
Broken lead wire
Flatline in one lead but not others
EKG
flashcards
Decks in class (5)
# Cards
