Front
Back
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
List the 4 valves of the heart.
Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic.
Order of blood flow?
RA → RV → lungs → LA → LV → body.
Natural pacemaker?
SA node.
Electrical conduction path?
SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → bundle branches → Purkinje fibers.
What does the P wave represent?
Atrial depolarization.
What does the QRS complex represent?
Ventricular depolarization.
What does the T wave represent?
Ventricular repolarization.
Normal PR interval?
0.12–0.20 sec.
Normal QRS duration?
< 0.12 sec.
What is a normal sinus rhythm?
Regular, 60–100 bpm, P before each QRS.
Sinus bradycardia rate?
<60 bpm.
Sinus tachycardia rate?
> 100 bpm.
Key sign of atrial fibrillation?
Irregularly irregular rhythm, no P waves.
Key sign of atrial flutter?
Sawtooth flutter waves.
SVT rate?
150–250 bpm.
What is a PVC?
Premature wide QRS beat.
Ventricular tachycardia?
Fast, wide QRS.
Ventricular fibrillation?
Chaotic, no identifiable waves.
Asystole?
Flatline.
1st-degree block hallmark?
PR >0.20 sec.
Wenckebach hallmark?
PR gets longer then QRS drops.
Mobitz II hallmark?
Normal PR, random dropped QRS.
