1
Q
describe the elbow
A
- hinge joint that allows movement in sagittal plane i.e. flexion and extension
2
Q
what does elbow joint involve articulation of?
A
- humerus, capitulum, trochlea, head of radius and ulna
3
Q
what does inferior portion of humerus have?
A
- medial and lateral aspect
- two ridges and two protuberance on each side
4
Q
which ridge can be palpated?
A
- medial ridge; put fingers around arm and displace fingers in lateral part of upper arm greeting elbow
5
Q
what epicondyle is more pronounced?
A
- medial is more pronounced than lateral one
6
Q
what two structures articulate with radial head and ulna in distal area?
A
- capitulum and trochlea
7
Q
describe capitulum
A
- articulates with facet of radial head
8
Q
describe trochlea
A
- medially located
- articulates with ulna
9
Q
what is the radial fossa? what does it do?
A
- small shallowed depression on humerus
- gives space to the head of radius to fit when elbow bends and generates full flexion
10
Q
what is the coronoid fossa? what does it do?
A
- depression that fits with coronoid process of ulna
- helps during full flexion of elbow
11
Q
what articulates with humerus capitulum?
A
- articular area of proximal part of radius articulates with facet of radius
12
Q
describe radial tuberosity
A
- inferior to neck of radius
- provides insertion for biceps muscle
13
Q
what does ulna contain?
A
- coronoid process
14
Q
what is the radial notch?
A
- surface that provides attachment for ligaments
- articular surface for head of radius
15
Q
what is the sublime tubercle?
A
- found medially
- anterior bundle of medial ulnar collateral ligament attaches distally
16
Q
what is the olecranon fossa?
A
- depression that provides space for ulna to fit in during elbow extension
17
Q
what is besides the olecranon fossa?
A
- groove for ulna nerve
18
Q
what part of nerve can you palpate?
A
- superficial nerve can be palpated posteriorly next to medial epicondyle to feel change in sensation
19
Q
what is the olecranon process?
A
- prominence of ulna providing attachment for triceps
20
Q
what shape is proximal ulna? what does it articulate with?
A
- large hook - shaped structure
-articulates with distal humerus and radius head
21
Q
what is the radioulnar joint?
A
- articulation between ulnar and radius at proximal/ distal end
- work together to produce pronation + supination
22
Q
what are the layers of the radioulnar joint?
A
- membrane layer of articular capsule around entire joint
- fibrous layer of capsule; fibres in different directions so joint stabilised in diff moves
23
Q
what is inbetween the radius and ulna ? what is it’s role?
A
- interosseous membrane
- provides stability and flexibility for supination and pronation
24
Q
what allows the passing of arteries in interosseous membrane?
A
- perfusions
25
what are the ligaments of the proximal radioulnar joint? (4)
- lateral collateral ligament, medial collateral ligament, quadrate ligament and annular ligament
26
what is the lateral collateral ligament?
- originates on lateral epicondyle and inserts on head of radius
- stability during radial movements
27
what is the medial collateral ligament?
- originates on medial epicondyle and inserts onto ulna
- fibres provide stability on medial region of elbow
28
what is the quadrate ligament?
- connects radius and ulna
- provides stability and flexibility during different movements of the joint
29
what is the annular ligament?
- provides stability of radial head during spinning movement
30
what is the ligament of the distal radioulnar joint ?
- dorsal radioulnar ligament
31
what is the role of the dorsal radioulnar ligament?
- provides stability
32
what is the cubital fossa?
- triangular shaped depression over anterior aspect of elbow
- different boundaries
33
what are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?
- lateral= brachioradialis
- medial= pronator teres
- superior = biceps brachii
34
state origin, insertion and action of biceps brachii
O= short= tip of coracoid process of scapula
long head= supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I= tuberosity of radius
A= when forearm is supinated, biceps flex
35
state origin, insertion and action of brachialis
O= distal half of anterior surface of humerus
I= coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
A= flexes forearm in all positions primarily pronated
36
state origin, insertion and action of brachioradialis
O= lateral ridge of distal humerus
I= lateral surface of distal radius
A= effective flexor when forearm in neutral position
37
state origin, insertion and action of triceps
O= long- infraglenoid tubercle; lateral= humerus above radial groove; medial= humerus below radial groove
I= olecranon of ulna
A= extends forearm
38
state origin, insertion and action of anconeus
O= lateral epicondyle
I= lateral side of olecranon process
A= extension of elbow
39
state origin, insertion and action of pronator quadratus
O= anterior aspect of distal 1/4 of ulna
I= distal 1/4 of radius
action= pronator
40
state origin, insertion and action of pronator teres
O= medial super condyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna
I= lateral surface of mid- shaft of radius
A= pronator and weak flexor
41
state origin, insertion and action of biceps brachii
O= short- tip of coracoid process
long- supraglenoid tuberosity
I= tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm
A= supinates forearm
42
state origin, insertion and action of supinator
O= lateral epicondyle and supinator crest of humerus
I= lateral proximal end of radius (posterior)
A= generates around 90 degrees of supination
43
describe pronation
- radius spins and distal end will overlap the ulna
- distal radioulnar joint moves
- contraction of anconeus muscle to generate ulna abduction
44
describe supination
- radius and ulna are parallel to each other
- uncross radius and ulna
anatomy
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