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Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Ohm’s Law?

A

Voltage = Current × Resistance (V = I × R)

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2
Q

What is the unit of voltage?

A

Volt (V)

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3
Q

How is 1 volt defined in terms of energy and charge?

A

1 volt = 1 joule per coulomb (V = J/C)

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4
Q

What is the unit of electric current?

A

Ampere (A)

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5
Q

How is 1 ampere defined?

A

1 ampere = 1 coulomb per second (A = C/s)

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6
Q

What is the relationship between charge, voltage, and energy?

A

Energy (Joules) = Charge (Coulombs) × Voltage (Volts)

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7
Q

If you multiply charge (in coulombs) by voltage (in volts), what do you get?

A

Energy (in joules)

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8
Q

What is the formula for energy using charge and voltage?

A

Energy = Charge × Voltage (E = Q × V)

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9
Q

What is the unit of power?

A

Watt (W)

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10
Q

How is 1 watt defined in terms of energy and time?

A

1 watt = 1 joule per second (W = J/s)

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11
Q

What is the formula to calculate energy using power and time?

A

Energy = Power × Time (E = P × t)

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12
Q

What is the formula for electrical power using voltage and current?

A

Power = Voltage × Current (P = V × I)

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13
Q

How can you find electrical energy using current, voltage, and time?

A

Energy = Current × Voltage × Time (E = I × V × t)

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14
Q

What is another way to calculate power in mechanics?

A

Power = Force × Velocity (P = F × v)

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15
Q

What is the formula for resistance using resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area?

A

Resistance (R) = Resistivity (ρ) × Length (L) ÷ Area (A)

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16
Q

What factors does resistance depend on in a wire?

A

Resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area

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17
Q

How do you find conductivity from resistivity?

A

Conductivity = 1 ÷ Resistivity (σ = 1/ρ)

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18
Q

What is Coulomb’s Law?

A

Force = Coulomb constant × (Charge₁ × Charge₂) ÷ (distance)²

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19
Q

In a series circuit, what is constant throughout all components?

A

Current

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20
Q

What is the rule for voltage in a series circuit?

A

Total voltage = V₁ + V₂ + V₃ + … (sum of voltages across all components)

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21
Q

How do you calculate total resistance in a series circuit?

A

R = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + …

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22
Q

What is the formula for equivalent capacitance in a series circuit?

A

1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + 1/C₃ + …

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23
Q

In a parallel circuit, what is constant across all components?

A

Voltage

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24
Q

What is the rule for current in a parallel circuit?

A

Total current = I₁ + I₂ + I₃ + … (sum of currents through all branches)

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25
How do you calculate total resistance in a parallel circuit?
1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃ + …
26
What is the formula for equivalent capacitance in a parallel circuit?
C = C₁ + C₂ + C₃ + …
27
What is Kirchhoff’s First Law?
The total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving the junction.
28
What is Kirchhoff’s Second Law?
The algebraic sum of potential differences (voltages) around any closed loop is zero.
29
In a series circuit, what is constant throughout all components?
Current
30
What is the rule for voltage in a series circuit?
Total voltage = V₁ + V₂ + V₃ + … (sum of voltages across all components)
31
How do you calculate total resistance in a series circuit?
R = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + …
32
What is the formula for equivalent capacitance in a series circuit?
1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + 1/C₃ + …
33
In a parallel circuit, what is constant across all components?
Voltage
34
What is the rule for current in a parallel circuit?
Total current = I₁ + I₂ + I₃ + … (sum of currents through all branches)
35
How do you calculate total resistance in a parallel circuit?
1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃ + …
36
What is the formula for equivalent capacitance in a parallel circuit?
C = C₁ + C₂ + C₃ + …
37
What is Kirchhoff’s First Law?
The total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving the junction.
38
What is Kirchhoff’s Second Law?
The algebraic sum of potential differences (voltages) around any closed loop is zero.
39
What is the definition of electric field?
The electric field at a point is the electric force per unit charge at that point.
40
What is the formula for electric field using force and charge?
Electric field (E) = Electric force (F) ÷ Charge (q) ## Footnote E = F/q
41
What is the SI unit of electric field?
Newton per coulomb (N/C)
42
What is another unit for electric field that is less commonly used?
Volt per meter (V/m)
43
How is the electric field related to voltage and distance?
Electric field (E) = Voltage (V) ÷ Distance (d) ## Footnote E = V/d
44
What is the formula for the electric field created by a point charge?
Electric field (E) = Coulomb constant (k) × Charge (Q) ÷ Radius squared (r²) ## Footnote E = kQ/r²
45
What is the definition of electric force?
The force experienced by a charge in an electric field.
46
What is the formula for electric force on a charge?
Electric force (F) = Electric field (E) × Charge (q) ## Footnote F = Eq
47
What is the SI unit of electric force?
Newton (N)
48
What are the three main methods to charge a neutral object?
Conduction, induction, and friction.
49
What is grounding, and does it always charge an object?
Grounding allows excess charge to flow to or from the Earth, neutralizing the object. It does not always result in charging.
50
What is required for charging by conduction?
Two conductive materials in direct contact, with different charges.
51
What happens when a negatively charged rod touches a neutral sphere (conduction)?
Electrons move from the rod to the sphere until both objects reach electrostatic equilibrium and both remain charged when separated.
52
Do both objects remain charged after conduction and separation?
Yes, both objects retain a charge after being separated.
53
Does induction require direct contact between objects?
No, induction occurs without direct contact.
54
What happens during induction when a charged object is brought near a neutral conductor?
The electric field causes electrons to redistribute, polarizing the object or separating charge if a second object is present.
55
For successful charging by induction, what must the objects be?
Both must be conductive materials.
56
What is required for charging by friction?
Rubbing two materials with different electron affinities (different positions in the triboelectric series).
57
Do objects need to be conductors for charging by friction?
No, insulators can also be charged by friction.
58
In the triboelectric series, what does it mean if a substance is higher on the list?
It has a lower electron affinity and is less likely to gain electrons.
59
What happens to two objects after charging by friction?
One becomes negatively charged (gains electrons), and the other becomes positively charged (loses electrons).
60
What does grounding do to a charged object?
It allows excess electrons to flow to or from the Earth, neutralizing the object.
61
What is the formula for potential difference (voltage) in a uniform electric field?
V = E × d (Voltage = Electric field × distance) ## Footnote This formula is used to determine the potential difference across two points in an electric field.
62
What is the formula for the energy stored in a capacitor?
U = ½ C V² (Energy = one half times capacitance times voltage squared) ## Footnote This formula calculates the energy stored based on the capacitor's capacitance and the voltage across it.
63
How can you calculate the electric field between two parallel plates?
E = V / d (Electric field = voltage divided by distance) ## Footnote This equation is fundamental in understanding the relationship between voltage and electric field strength.
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