static electricity
Static electricity is a buildup of electric charges on a surface, typically from friction between materials
law of conservation of charge
The Law of Conservation of Charge states that the total electric charge in an isolated system always stays the same; charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or rearranged
conductor
Conductor science studies materials that easily allow the flow of electric current or heat, primarily due to their free-moving electrons
insulator
a substance which does not readily allow the passage of heat or sound.
charging by contact
Charging by contact (or conduction) is how an object gains an electrical charge through direct physical touch with a charged object, causing electrons to transfer until both objects share the same type of charge
charging by induction
Charging by induction is a method to electrify an object without direct contact, using a charged object to rearrange charges in a neutral object, often involving grounding to leave the object with an opposite charge
electric current
Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor, measured as the amount of charge passing a point per second
voltage difference
Voltage differences, also called electric potential difference, are the push or “pressure” that moves electric charge through a circuit, measured in volts as the energy per unit charge between two points
circuit
A science circuit is a closed path for electricity to flow
resistance
Resistance is opposition to flow, most commonly referring to electrical resistance
ohms law
Ohm’s Law describes the fundamental relationship in electrical circuits
series circuit
A series circuit is an electrical path where components connect end-to-end, creating a single route for current to flow from the power source, through all devices, and back again
parallel circuit
A parallel circuit is an electrical setup where components have multiple paths for current to flow
electric power
Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred or converted
wet-cell battery
A wet cell battery, also known as a flooded battery, is an older, cost-effective rechargeable battery type that uses liquid electrolyte with lead plates
dry-cell battery
A dry cell battery is a portable, self-contained power source using a paste electrolyte instead of liquid
fuse
A “fuse” can refer to an electrical safety device that melts to break a circuit during over current, a cord for explosives, or something that joins together
circuit breaker
A circuit breaker is an automatic electrical switch that protects circuits from over currents
watts
unit for power
