substance
Element or compound that cannot be broken down into simpler components and maintain the properties of this original substance
element
Substance with Atoms that are all alike
compound
substance formed from two or more elements in which the exact combination and proportion of elements is always the same
heterogeneous mixture
mixture such as mixed nuts or a dry soup mix in which different materials are unevenly distributed and are easily identified
homogeneous mixture
solid, liquid or gas that contains two or more substances blended evenly throughout
solution
homogeneous mixture that remains constantly and uniformly mixed and has particles that are so small they cannot be seen with a microscope
colloid
heterogeneous mixture whose particles never settle
Tyndall effect
scattering of a light beam as it passes through a colloid
suspension
heterogeneous mixture contains a liquid in which visible particles settle
physical property
any characteristic of a material such as size or shape that you can observe or attempt to observe without changing the identity of the material
physical change
any change in size shape or state of matter in which the identity of the substance remains the same
distillation
process that can seperated two substances in a mixture by evaporating a liquid and recondensing its vapor
chemical property
any characteristic of a substance such as flammability that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change
chemical change
A chemical change, or chemical reaction, transforms a substance into one or more new substances with different properties, involving the breaking and forming of chemical bonds
law of conversion of mass
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, only transformed
kinetic theory
The kinetic theory explains that all matter consists of tiny particles (atoms/molecules) in constant, random motion, with their energy related to temperature
melting point
A melting point is the specific temperature where a solid substance changes into a liquid
heat of fusion
Heat of fusion is the energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point
boiling point
The boiling point is the specific temperature where a liquid turns into a gas (vapor) because its internal vapor pressure equals the external atmospheric pressure, causing bubbles to form and escape as vapor throughout the liquid
heat of vaporization
the energy needed to change a substance from a liquid to a gas (vapor) at a constant temperature and pressure
diffusion
Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration area, driven by their random motion until an even distribution is reached
plasma
Plasma is an ionized gas, often called the “fourth state of matter,” consisting of free electrons and positive ions, making it electrically conductive, and is the most abundant form of matter in the universe, found in stars, lightning, and auroras
thermal expansion
the tendency of matter to increase in size when its temperature rises, due to increased atomic vibration, and contract when cooled
buoyancy
Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid (liquid or gas) that opposes the weight of an immersed object, causing it to float or rise
